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ALTERED PHYS mid1 > Altered Cell Biology > Flashcards

Altered Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Deranged cellular growth

A

dysplasia

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2
Q

increase in # of cells

A

hyperplasia

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3
Q

replacing one cell type with another

A

metaplasia

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4
Q

where does dysplasia more frequently occur?

A

squamous epithelium

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5
Q

When there’s an ATP depletion what organelle is damaged?

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

What are the four ways a cell can be injured?

A

ATP depletion, oxygen-free radicals, protein folding defects, calcium accumulation

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7
Q

What is the single most common cause of cellular injury?

A

hypoxic injury

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8
Q

What is the name fore oxidative enzymes?

A

cytochromes

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of hypoxia?

A

ischemia

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10
Q

What is the inadequate supply of blood to an organ or other part of the body?

A

ischemia

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11
Q

What is the absence of oxygen?

A

anoxia

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12
Q

How does the cell respond when there is no oxygen?

A

decreased ATP, causing failed pumps, causing cellular swelling and vacuolation

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13
Q

Why does reperfusion injury occur?

A

No antioxidants to accept oxygen electrons, causing oxygen free radicals

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14
Q

If the mitochondria is damaged, what can be released into the cytosol?

A

calcium

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15
Q

What can lipid peroxidation damage?

A

the cell’s membrane

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16
Q

What is the leading cause of child poisoning?

A

medications

17
Q

How do medications damage cells?

A

they combine directly with critical molecular substances

18
Q

What is necrosis?

A

cell swelling and bursting (premature cell death)

19
Q

After necrosis, what is triggered to remove intracellular debris?

A

Inflammation and phagocytosis

20
Q

What is the change of liquid to solid?

A

coagulation

21
Q

Where do we find coagulative necrosis?

A

kidneys, hearts, adrenal glands (gelatin to firm)

22
Q

Where do we find liquefactive necrosis?

A

neurons and glial cells

23
Q

Where do we find caseous necrosis?

A

In TB pathways

24
Q

What does caseous necrosis look like?

A

cheese!

25
Q

Where do we find fat necrosis?

A

breast, pancreas, abdomen

26
Q

When fatty acids combine with calcium and sodium what is created in fat necrosis?

A

soaps (saponification)

27
Q

What is programmed cell death?

A

apoptosis

28
Q

What is autophagy?

A

the cell eats itself!

29
Q

Where do we find gangrenous necrosis?

A

lower extremities

30
Q

What three things are caused by cellular aging?

A

atrophy, decreased function, loss of cells

31
Q

what are the 2 postmortem changes?

A

livor and rigor

ALTERED PHYS mid1 (5 decks)

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