Antivirals

Question 1

uncoating drug that blocks M2 proton selective ion channels preventing:

viral acidification

fusion of viral membranes

transfer of viral nucleic acids into host cytoplasm

Answer 1

Mechanism of Amantadine

Question 2

Side Effects of Amantadine

Answer 2

increased dopamine release

Question 3

mechanism of interferon-alpha

Answer 3

inhibits viral protein synthesis by:

promoting breakdown of viral DNA

inducing expression of MHC class 1 molecules

Question 4

Mechanism of the -cyclovirs

Answer 4

guanosine analogs acting as competitive inhibitors of viral DNA polymerase, preventing synthesis

Question 5

Side effects of cyclovirs

Answer 5

GI disturbance

Rash

Renal dysfunction

Question 6

Indications and Side effects of Acyclovir and Pencyclovir

Answer 6

Indication: HSV and VZV

Side Effects: phlebitis and HA

Acyclovir and Penciclovir cause chain termination

Question 7

Indications and Side effects of Ganiciclovir

Answer 7

Indication: CMV

Side effects:

bone marrow suppression

retinal detachment

renal/ liver dysfunction

fever

Question 8

Cidofovir

MOA

Side Effects

Indication

Answer 8

MOA: inhibits DNA polymerase

Side Effects:

nephrotoxic

metabolic acidosis

neutropenia

CMV and HSV resistant to Gancyclovir

Question 9

Foscarnet

Side Effects

Indications

Answer 9

inhibits pyrophosphate binding sites on viral DNA polymerase, preventing attachment to nucleotide precursors to DNA and RNA

Most nephrotoxic

Hematologic deficiencies

electrolyte imbalance

cardiac abnormalities

seizure

pancreatitis

Only use when Herpes viruses are resistant to Ganciclovir

Question 10

Ribivirin

MOA

Side Effects

Indications

Answer 10

inhibits IMP dehydrogenase, causing a deficiency of GTP, blocking DNA and RNA synthesis

Pulmonary complications

Cardiac arrest/ MI

Teratogen

Influenza A

Question 11

How do the neuraminidase inhibitors work and what are the side effects?

Answer 11

they bind to the active site of neuraminidase (sialidase), which inhibits the release of virions from the surface of infected cells after viral replication

GI distress and Respiratory distress

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

Question 12

Use Zanamivir for your

Answer 12

NoZe

Question 13

Drug that inhibits binding of the gp120-CD4 complex to CCR5

Answer 13

Maraviroc

Question 14

MOA of Miraviroc

Answer 14

blocks exposure of fusion peptide in pg41

Question 15

which drug inhibits fusion of HIV and host membrane by blocking gp41

Answer 15

Enfuvirtide

can cause skin reaction at injection site

Question 16

MOA and commons side effects of NRTIs

Answer 16

competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to Reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chain

Bone marrow suppression

mitochondrial dysfunction

lipodystrophy

Question 17

Side effects of Didanosine

Answer 17

Pancreatitis

Question 18

Side effects of Lamivudine and Stavudine

Answer 18

peripheral neuropathy

Question 19

contraindications of Abacavir

Answer 19

HLA-B*5701

increased risk of hypersensitivity

Question 20

MOA of NNRTIs

Answer 20

Bind to alternative sites on reverse transcriptase

Don’t require phophorylation

Question 21

Which NNRTI causes vivid dreams and CNS symptoms

Answer 21

Enfavirenz

Question 22

MOA of the -tegravirs

Answer 22

inhibit HI integrase to inhibit genome integration

prevents formation of the provirus

Question 23

How do HIV protease inhibitors inhibit activation

Answer 23

inhibit glycosylation via P10 protease to prevent synthesis of functional proteins

-navirs

Question 24

SIde effects of protease inhibitors

Answer 24

hyperglycemia

N/V/D

Lipodystrophy

Question 25

Side Effects of Indinavir

Answer 25

nephropathy

hematuria

thrombocytopenia