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Dental Science > Embryology Development > Flashcards

Embryology Development Flashcards

1
Q

When is the preimplantation period?

A

Week 1

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2
Q

When is the embryonic period?

A

Week 2 to 8

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3
Q

When is the fetal period?

A

Month 3-9

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the trilaminar disc?

A

Ectoderm (outer layer) , mesoderm, and endoderm (inter layer)

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5
Q

What do the Neural crest cells responsible for (there are 12)?

A
  1. ) Face
  2. ) Neck
  3. ) Oral tube
  4. ) Nervous System
  5. ) Pigment Cells
  6. ) CT proper
  7. ) Cartilage
  8. ) Bone
  9. )Pulp
  10. ) Dentin
  11. ) Cementum
  12. ) PDL
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6
Q

What dental structure does ectoderm give rise to?

A

Tooth Enamel

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7
Q

What dental structure does mesoderm give rise to?

A

Dentin, pulp, cementum, and PDL

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8
Q

What dental structure does endoderm give rise to?

A

No dental structures are from the endoderm

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9
Q

What is ectodermal dysplasia?

A

Abnormal development of ectodermal structures such as teeth, hair, skin, nails, sweat glands, eyes, and sometimes ears. “Little old men”

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10
Q

What does the ectoderm give rise to (8 items)?

A 
Epidermis of the skin​
Hair and nails​
Nervous system​
Epithelium of oral cavity, nasal cavity, anal cavity​
Salivary, cutaneous, mammary, pituitary, adrenal glands​
Epithelium lining of paranasal sinuses​
Tooth enamel​
Special sensory epithelium​
(eyes, ears, nose)​
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11
Q

What does the mesoderm give rise to (7 different areas)?

A 
Dermis of the skin​
CT​
Cartilage, bone ​
Lymphoid tissue and vessels​
Muscle Tissue​ (mastication, CNV)​
Blood and blood vessels, heart​
Dentin, pulp, cementum, and PDL​
Kidneys​
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12
Q

What does the endoderm give rise to (7 different areas)?

A 
Gastrointestinal tract​
Pharynx, larynx, Eustachian tubes​
Trachea, bronchi, lungs​
Urinary bladder, gallbladder, liver​
Thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, thymus, prostate glands​
Vagina, urethra, and associated glands​
Epithelial lining of respiratory tract​
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13
Q

What is the process of stomodeum formation?

A

The stomodeum shares a wall between the oropharyngeal membrane & foregut. The ectoderm gets a depression and is positioned between the frontonasal process and developing heart. Mandibular arch forms 1st.

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14
Q

When does the stomodeum form and when is it complete?

A

Week 3 to 4, Opens at 4.

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15
Q

Explain the origin of the nueral crests?

A

Comes from the ectoderm. Forms along with neural tube and migrates into the mesenchyme (embryonic CT) region (mesoderm) ​.

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16
Q

What does Nueral Crests have to do with the embryonic development of the Head and Neck?

A

They migrate to those areas and contribute to the formation of the head and neck.

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17
Q

What does the embryonic CT develop into?

A

fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and chrondroblasts.

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18
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial (pharyngeal) ARCH 1?

A

Mandibular Arch: Anterior 2/3 of tongue (body), lower lip, mandible teeth and tissues​
Mesoderm-5th trigeminal nerve, muscles of mastication
Two maxillary and two mandibular processes: zygomatic bone, palatine bones, and upper jaw.

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19
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial (pharyngeal) ARCH 2?

A

Hyoid Arch: Posterior 1/3 of tongue​
Innervated by Facial nerve #7
Mesoderm form muscles of facial expression, suprahyoid muscles

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20
Q

What cartilage is in branchial arch 1 and what does it do?

A

Meckel’s; disappears during development.

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21
Q

What cartilage is in branchial arch 2 and what does it do?

A

Rietchert only stays in hyoid, ear, and temporal bone. Most of it disappears.

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22
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial ARCH 3?

A

Nerve: IX glossopharyngeal

Posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharyngeal muscle

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23
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial ARCHES 4 to 6?

A

Nerves: IX glossopharyngeal and X vagus ​

Root of tongue and epiglottis​

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24
Q

What embryonic process forms the face and explain its development?

A

The frontonasal goes from the forehead then creates a trialngle to the nose. Maxillary is right under the eyes then down to the lips. Mandible is the rest.

25
Q

What embryonic process forms the nasal cavity? explain its development?

A

The nasal placodes form from the olfactory pits. Two semi-circle processes called the median nasal and lateral nasal processes form around the pits. The globular process extends down between the two median nasal processes. ​

26
Q

What embryonic process forms the palate?

A

The globular process extends down; the result is fusion between the two median nasal processes to form the primary palate. Two palatal shelves arise from the maxillary processes

27
Q

What gives rise to the maxilary process?

A

Mandibular process

28
Q

Explain the nasal palates developement?

A

The two palatal shelves fuse at the midline of the palate and anteriorly with the globular process. They also fuse superiorly with the nasal septum.

29
Q

Explain cleft palate and its effects on developmental orofacial structures?

A

Mouth area doesn’t have a palate separating from the nasal cavity. less common, but more prominent in females. Difficulty nursing or feeding, oronasal infections, speech problems

30
Q

Explain cleft lip and its effect on developmental orofacial structures?

A

Nasal cavity is still open to the lip. more severe & prominent in males. Difficulty nursing or feeding, oronasal infections, speech problems

31
Q

Describe the appearance and location of commissural pits?

A

Comes from the fusion of the maxillary process and mandibular process. They are located in the labial commissures. ( Corners of lips)

32
Q

What are paramedian lip pits and where are they located?

A

Comes from the fusion of the maxillary process and mandibular process. They are located in the lower middle area.

33
Q

Describe development of tongue?

A

Develops from the mesenchymal swellings on the first branchial arch​. The tongue is divided into two parts​: Body-arch I​ and; Base-arch II-IV​.

34
Q

What abnormalities can occur with tongue development?

A

Macroglossia: abnormally large tongue​
Ankyloglossia: lingual frenum pull

35
Q

Identify and discuss dental applications of embryonic development of the head and neck.

A

We will be able to tell the parents of the children who have development diseases that they haven’t done anything to cause that. We will need to educate our patients about how to prevent development problems and how to care for the defects they already have.

36
Q

Describe the difficulties of fusion failures?

A

Social teasing or fear​
Eating problems that may limit weight gain or thriving​
Drinking or nursing difficulties​
Emotional and psychological problems with self image​
Pain and discomfort with treatment​
Speech and hearing difficulties​

37
Q

What is a globulomaxillary cyst?

A

Also called “Periocyst” is something that can develop along the primary palate and palatal shelves from trapped epithelial tissue.

38
Q

When does the tongue develop?

A

Week 4-8

39
Q

What happens during week 1?

A
  • Implantation of blastocyst

- Preimplantation Period

40
Q

What happens during week 2?

A
  • Formation of bi-laminar disc

- Embryonic period starts

41
Q

What does the bi-laminar disc consist of?

A

Epiblast and hypoblast

42
Q

What happens during week 3?

A
  • Primitive streak forms —> becomes mesenchyme creating TRI-laminar disc
  • Development of stomodeum starts
43
Q

What happens during week 4? (9 things)

A
  • Disc begins to curl in “C” shape
  • Development of tongue begins
  • Fusion of neural tube
  • Stomodeum is completed (oropharyngeal disintegrates)
  • Fusion of lateral/medial nasal processes with globular process
  • Oronasal membrane disintegrates
  • Development of olfactory pits
  • Fusion of lips begins
  • Facial development begins (frontonasal, mandible/maxillary process)
44
Q

What happens during week 5?

A
  • Palatine shelves begin to move together/form

- Primary palate forms

45
Q

What happens during week 6?

A
  • Lip fusion is completed
  • Initiation/dental lamina stage begins
  • Deciduous/primary dentition begins
46
Q

What happens during week 7?

A

-Palatine fusion

47
Q

What happens during week 8?

A
  • Bud stage

- Papilla of tongue begin

48
Q

What happens during week 9?

A

-Cap stage

49
Q

What happens during week 11?

A
  • Bell stage

- Papilla of tongue finish forming

50
Q

What happens during week 12?

A
  • Palatine shelves finish developing, palate is formed.
  • Bell stage
  • Fetal period begins
51
Q

What happens during week 10?

A

-Successional dental lamina stage begins for permanent teeth

52
Q

What is terminal sulcus or sulcus terminalis​?

A

Fusion of the base and body of tongue

53
Q

When do the lips develop?

A

Week 4-6

54
Q

What arises from branchial GROOVES 4-6?

A

Laryngeal cartilages, larynx, and pharynx​

Unnamed cartilage​

55
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial POUCH 3?

A

Parathyroid, thymus​, hyoid bone​, unnamed cartilage​

56
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial (pharyngeal) GROOVE 2? (Hyoid)

A

Neck tissues

57
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial (pharyngeal) POUCH 2? (Hyoid)

A

Palatine tonsils​

58
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial (pharyngeal) GROOVE 1? (Mandibular)

A

External auditory meatus and one layer of eardrum​

59
Q

What are the structures that arise from the branchial (pharyngeal) POUCH 1? (Mandibular)

A

Inner eardrum, middle ear, eustachian tube, nasopharynx​

Dental Science (27 decks)

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