Term test Ch. 22 Flashcards
Node
Represents the most recent common ancestor of two descendant species
Taxonomy
Recognizing and naming groups of individuals as species
Phylogenetics
Aims to discover pattern of evolutionary relatedness using anatomical or molecular features
Phylogenetic tree
Hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a species
Sister groups
Groups that are more closely related to each other than either of them to any other group
How to measure the closeness of the relationship between 2 species
How recently they shared a common ancestor
Monophyletic
All members share a common ancestry that is not shared with any other species or group
Paraphyletic
Includes some but not all descendants of a common ancestor
Polyphyletic
Groupings do not include last common ancestor and share traits that evolved independently
Domains
Three largest limbs on tree of life which are Eukarya, Bateria, and Archaea
Homologies
Similarities based on shared ancestry
Analogies
Similarities based on independent convergently evolved adaptations
What is useful in a phylogenetic tree construction
Shared derived characters and synapomorphies
Synapomorphies
Characteristic present in ancestral species and shared exclusively by evolutionary descendants
Fossils
Remains of organisms, preserved in sedimentary rocks
