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MBChB Year 1 Principles Microbiology > Systematic Bacteriology I > Flashcards

Systematic Bacteriology I Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 categories can microscopy help identify?

A

Pure culture or polymorph
Shape, size, grouping
Structure
Staining

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2
Q

What are the 3 most common shapes of bacteria?

A

Cocci (spheres)
Bacilli (rods)
Spiral-shapes

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3
Q

How does coccus create cocci?

A

Division in one plane of coccus to produce two cocci, division in one plane produces chains of 4-20 cocci or division in 3 planes produces clumps

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4
Q

What type of bacilli can be produced from bacillus?

A

Bacillus (rod-shaped bacteria) divides into chains of bacilli

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5
Q

Is bacilli chaining more prominent in gram +ve or -ve?

A

+ve

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6
Q

What type of gram is more common in vibrio (curved rod)?

A

Gram -ve

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7
Q

How many recognised species of vibrio are there?

A

34

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8
Q

What 2 types of spiral-shaped bacterium are there?

A

Rigid - spirillum

Flexible - Spirochaete

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9
Q

How is it easier for spiral shaped bacteria to be motile?

A

Corkscrew movement through viscous liquid

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10
Q

What are three common structures of bacteria?

A

Flagella, pili and capsules

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11
Q

How are spores created?

A

Germination, binary fission, sporulation = prespore, endospore, cell lysis = spore

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12
Q

What is a gram stain?

A

A simple method that distinguishes two major classes of bacteria according to cell wall structure (gram -ve and gram +ve)

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13
Q

Why would an organism not strain well with Gram stain?

A

Lipid rich/waxy cell wall that doesn’t take up the stain, or no cell wall at all

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14
Q

BMJ best practice
Dynamed
CDC atlanta
European centre for disease prevention and control

A

Microbiology resources

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15
Q

What does respiration of obligate anaerobes use instead of oxygen?

A

Another electron receptor with a smaller reduction potential than oxygen - less proton motive force across membrane (in ATP synthase ) and less energy released per molecule oxidised

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16
Q

What is selective media?

A

A media that selects for the growth of specific prokaryotes eg Mannitol Salt agar, or salmonella shigella

17
Q

What does selective media allow?

A

Presence of a specific substrate permits the growth of one organism over another

18
Q

What does differential medial allow?

A

Incorporation of chemicals produces visible changes in colonies that facilitate identification

19
Q

Eg of differential media?

A

MacConkay agar and eosi and methylene blue (EMB)

20
Q

How is Streptococcus identified?

A

Haemolysis - alpha (greening of the colonies), beta (Lancefield Grouping due to colony size) and gamma (no haemolysis)

21
Q

What characteristics are looked at in metabolic profiling?

A

Utilisation of carbon sources, utilisation of amino acids and eco-enzyme production

22
Q

What characteristics are looked at in metabolic profiling?

A

Utilisation of carbon sources, utilisation of amino acids and exo-enzyme production

23
Q

What is a serological test?

A

Host immune response to antigen by the raising of antibodies. Antibodies specific to microbe/virus (polyclonal) or single component (monoclonal) detect presence of specific IgM Ab

24
Q

In DNA technology why is a specific primer necessary?

A

To amplify a specific piece of DNA

25
Q

What does successful amplification of DNA indicate?

A

The presence of an organism or even a specific virulence factor

26
Q

What is MLST?

A

Multi locus sequence typing

27
Q

What is MALDI-TOF?

A

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight

28
Q

How does MALDI-TOF work?

A

An ion source ionises and transfers analyte ions into gas phase. A mass analyser separates ions by mass to charge ratio (m/z) into a detection device which detects the spectrum of proteins released from a sample resulting in a characteristic signature

29
Q

What are the advantages to MALDI-TOF?

A

Powerful, rapid, precise and cost-effective

30
Q

What is Linnaean classification?

A

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (sub species - strain, resistance, toxin information etc

MBChB Year 1 Principles Microbiology (5 decks)

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