Molecular Bio and Biotech

Question 1

biotechnology

Answer 1

manipulation of organisms to do practical things and provide useful products

Question 2

genetic engineering

Answer 2

diret manipulation of genes for practical purposes. isolating genes n moving genes etc.

Question 3

molecular biology

Answer 3

study of molecules critical to life (carbs, nucleic acids etc.)

Question 4

genetic transformation

Answer 4

uptake and expression of DNA by a living cell

Question 5

host organism

Answer 5

organism in which DNA can be interested

Question 6

vector

Answer 6

carries DNA sequences into a host.

Question 7

non-pathogenic bacteria

Answer 7

don’t carry disease

Question 8

heat-killed pathogenic bacteria

Answer 8

should be dead but there is still dna that is transferred

Question 9

transformants

Answer 9

a cell (bacteria, fungus, yeast or plant) into which foreign DNA has been introduced.

Question 10

genes are not made of

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

plasmid

Answer 11

A circular piece of autonomously replicating DNA

Originally evolved by bacteria

May express antibiotic resistance gene or be modified to express proteins of interes

Question 12

transformation

Answer 12

DNA is required in a process where organism absorbs a gene from the environment and expresses it to produce a new trait

Question 13

chimeric gene

Answer 13

splice together different parts of a gene

Question 14

recombinant DNA tech

Answer 14

take a plasmid, use restriction enzymes to cut, create sticky ends, add in a new gene (and ligase to fill gap) and then product is plasmid + new gene

Question 15

in virto

Answer 15

bio experiments done in a test tube

Question 16

competent

Answer 16

bacteria that have the ability to take up plasmid DNA

Question 17

bla

Answer 17

breaks down antibiotic ampiciliiun

Question 18

GFP

Answer 18

fluoresces green when exposed to blue light

Question 19

arabinose

Answer 19

transcription factor that controls the transcription fo GFP gene

Question 20

how are bacteria transformed

Answer 20

use a divalent metal ion to make the membrane more permeable to DNA, then it gets replicated, transcribed and translated into protein and then there is a notable phenotypic difference.

Question 21

transformation steps

Answer 21

1) transformation solution (add in ions to shield -ve DNA charge)
2) incubate on ice (slows fluid membrane)
3) heat shock to increate permeability of membranes
4) add nutrient growth incubation to allow the ampicillin resistance protein to be expressed

Question 22

what is. nutrient broth

Answer 22

LB broth
- contains nutrients for bacterial growth and gene expression
(like chicken soup)

Question 23

LB and no plasmid

Answer 23

yes bacterial growth. lawn growth (complete) and no fluorescence

Question 24

LB AND amp

Answer 24

no growth. this is control since there is no plasmid treatment or pglo but ampicillin will kill

no growth (complete) and no fluorescence

Question 25

Lb and amp and plgo

Answer 25

yes bacterial growth since there is pglo

colonies and no fluorescence

Question 26

lb, amp, arabinose and pGLo

Answer 26

yes bacterial growth, with pglo

colonies and fluorescence