Lesson 3: Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

enzymes

A

biocatalysts that accelerate metabolic reactions to biologically useful rates. They do this by lowering the activation energy. It is regenerated after the reaction.

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2
Q

substrate

A

what binds to the enzyme

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3
Q

Enzyme substrate complex

A

what enzyme and substrate are called put together

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4
Q

Transition state

A

substrate (bound to enzyme) becomes more reactive and the metabolic reaction accelerates.

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5
Q

Energy of activation

A

the energy needed to form the transition state

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6
Q

Active site

A

site intended for a substrate that is unique to a protein’s structure. Very complex and usually binds only one type of substrate.

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7
Q

denature

A

any structural change in an enzyme will destroy its effectiveness and will slow the reaction rate

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8
Q

Optimal conditions

A

range of values for environmental factors (temp, pH) that are ideal for enzyme

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9
Q

Temperature and enzymes

A

high temp increases the reaction rate only to a certain point where denaturing will occur after that.

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10
Q

pH and enzymes

A

acidic and basic solutions will interact with the r groups of the enzymes and can denature the active site. Many function best at 7 pH

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11
Q

Competitive Inhibitors and enzymes

A

molecules structurally similar to the substrate compete for a position at the active site of the enzyme. This inhibits the reaction

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12
Q

iodine turns what colour in the presence of starch

A

turns black

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13
Q

what causes breakdown of starch?

A

alpha amylase enzyme

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14
Q

effect of temp on hydrolysis

A

low temp has low enzyme activity as it reduces the kinetic energy of molecules, which gives fewer collisions between the active site with sufficient activation energy to allow reaction to pass transition state/ too high temp is denaturing

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15
Q

effect of pH on hydrolysis

A

acidic and basic solutions will interact with the r groups of the enzymes and can denature the active site. Many function best at 7 pH

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16
Q

effect of enzyme concentration on hydrolysis

A

more enzyme is faster hydrolysis

17
Q

effect of heavy metal ions on hydrolysis

A

they are non-competitive inhibitors. reduces enzyme activity by altering the ability of the active site/ you can tell because the enzyme activity in the metal test tubes is slower than the control tube

18
Q

noncompetitive inhibitor

A

does not look similar to the substrate but alters the shape of the active site which impacts binding of the substrate

19
Q

figure statements

A

state the experiment and what is going on

20
Q

how to do the hydrolysis graph

A

time is on the y axis, the variable is on the x axis and it is TOTAL TIME

21
Q

optimal conditions

A

range of values for environmental factors (temp, pH) that are ideal for enzyme