Additional GNB (non-Enterobacteriaceae)

Question 1

Gram-negative bacillus, pleomorphic, stains poorly

Top 5 cause of pneumonia

Intracellular parasite

Answer 1

Legionella pneumophila

Question 2

Etiologic agent of Legionellosis; usually pneumonia that occurs in outbreaks instead of single cases – in the top 5 causes of pneumonia

Answer 2

Legionella pneumophila

Question 3

Virulence: intracellular parasites (i.e. macrophages)

resists killing by superoxide & hydroxyl radicals

inhibits phagosome-lysosome activity

flagella promote invasion

secretes various proteins

Answer 3

Legionella pneumophila

Question 4

Transmitted by inhaled contaminated water

Answer 4

Legionella pneuomphila

Question 5

(1) Infrequent agent of superficial wound and urinary tract infections
(2) Mucoid strains repeatedly colonize the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients

Answer 5

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Gram-negative bacilli

nosocomial infections (~10%), especially in severely compromised or debilitated patients

Question 6

Virulence factors: protein inhibitors, exotoxins, capsule (cystic fibrosis strains)

Answer 6

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 7

Gram-negative bacillus, grows on MacConkey

Source – soil & water (prolonged survival on environmental surfaces)

Opportunistic pathogen – post-traumatic wound abscess and septicemia

Answer 7

Acinetobacter baumannii (A-cin-e-to-bac-ter)

Question 8

Natural & nosocomial

Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq

Answer 8

Acinetobacter baumannii

Question 9

Small Gram-negative coccobacillus, very slow growing (2 weeks to 2 months)

Answer 9

Brucella melitensis & B. abortus

Question 10

Etiologic agent of Brucellosis (zoonotic disease)

Bangs disease – spontaneous abortion in bovine, sheep, goats

Answer 10

Brucella melitensis & B. abortus

Question 11

Undulant Fever in humans – acute systemic febrile illness with sweating; initial flu-like symptoms with migratory arthralgia and myalgia (joint & muscle pain), possible neurological symptoms, may lead to bone or joint disease; may be persistent or recurrent (months/years).

Answer 11

Brucella melitensis & B. abortus

Question 12

Biological threat agent

Transmitted by unpasteurized dairy products (esp. goats) or contact with animal blood or body fluids or tissues (e.g. placenta

Answer 12

Brucella melitensis & B. abortus

Question 13

Virulence Factors

(1) Intracellual replication
(2) Survives and replicates in phagocytes

Answer 13

Brucella melitensis & B. abortus

Question 14

Very small Gram-negative bacillus; grows poorly in standard culture media (2-3 days in enriched media)

Biological Select Agent

Answer 14

Francisella tularensis

Question 15

Ulcerations (2-3 days after exposure) - leads to glandular, nodular, lymph node involvement

Typhoidal (septicemia, systemic)

Pneumonic – similar to typical pneumonia; frequently develops following other forms of ____

Answer 15

tularemia

Francisella tularensis

Question 16

(a) Intracellular pathogen; survives prolonged periods in macrophages
(b) Antiphagocytic capsule; also protects from complement activity
(c) Requires very strong immune response (esp. CMI) to control replication

Answer 16

Francisella tularensis

Question 17

Transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, body fluids from ticks, deer flies, rabbits, cats, rodents, dried bodily fluids in blowing dust, etc

Answer 17

Francisella tularensis

Question 18

What are the intracellular pathogens?

Answer 18

Shigella (multiply intracellularly)

Legionella pneumophila

francisella tularensis

Chlamydia trachomatis

Rickettsia spp

Orienta spp

Coxiella burnetti

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 19

Gram-negative bacillus (cocco-bacillus) (GNB, GNCB )

Etiologic agent of Pertussis

Answer 19

Bordetella pertussis

Question 20

(1) Whooping Cough – Full-symptom illness
(2) Bronchitis – moderate / mild
(3) Re-emerging pathogen - possibly due to reduced immunization rate or inadequate quality of vaccine (i.e. whole-cell may be better than fractionated and may need booster)

Answer 20

Bordetella pertussis

Pertussis

Question 21

Virulence due to Pertussis Toxin, thick capsule, and exudate

Answer 21

Bordetella pertussis