Populations/Locations

Question 1

Nosocomial/hospital-acquired?

Answer 1

Enterococcus faecalis

E. Coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Acinetobacter baumanni

C. difficile

Question 2

Asia?

Answer 2

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio parahemolyticus

Haemophilus ducreyi

Question 3

Elderly?

Answer 3

Strep pneumoniae (pneumonia)

HIB (fulminating meningitis)

Question 4

Children?

Answer 4

1-strep. pneumoniae (pneumonia)

2-Shigella (account for 2/3 of cases)

3-HIB (fulminating meningitis/epiglottis, most in children under 3)

4-Moraxella catarrhalis

5-N. meningitis (school age to college)

6-Mycoplasma pneumonia (school age - young adults)

7-Staph A (Scalded Skin Syndrome - TENS)

8-Strep pyogenes (acute exudative pharyngitis

Question 5

Older children up to college aged/young adults?

Answer 5

1. Strep A (acute pharyngitis)
2. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (primary atypical pneumonia)
3. N. meningitidis
4. Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 6

Immunocompromised/HIV?

Kinda similar to nosocomial…

Answer 6

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cystic fibrosis patients)

TB (AIDS/HIV)

Question 7

children under 5 yr =

i. Initially a localized red rash, often following conjunctivitis or upper respiratory tract infection
ii. Followed by large flaccid bullae which rupture and sheets of epidermis peel off to reveal moist, red, “scalded” dermis

Answer 7

TENS (SSS) StaphA

Question 8

Predominantly occurs in children 5-15 years of age and during the colder months (transmission easier due to the effect of crowding and to dry nasal passages)

Answer 8

Strep A - acute exudative pharyngitis

Question 9

Causes 50-90% of pneumonias; esp. in children under 5 yr and elderly

Mortality: about 5-10%; esp. in children under 5 yr and elderly

Answer 9

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 10

Children under 10 years of age account for over 2/3 of all cases

Answer 10

Shigella

Question 11

(2) Infection unusual in the first 2 months of life – almost all cases occur in children under 2 years old (epiglottitis tends to present in slightly older children, 2-4 yrs)

Fulminating meningitis in unvaccinated children less than 3 years old & in elderly – Invades the submucosa of the nasopharynx and then systemically spread via the blood circulatory system

Epiglottitis & laryngitis in children

Answer 11

Haemophilus influenza

Question 12

(1) Causes upper respiratory tract infections, especially including otitis media and sinusitis in children (3rd most common cause)
(2) Causes bronchitis or pneumonia in children and adults (in the top 3-4 of causes).

Answer 12

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 13

Meningitis

(2) Predominates (#1) in school-age children and college students; some epidemics in schools and day care centers

Answer 13

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 14

Pneumonia

Epidemiology – occurs primarily in school age children and young adults, especially military (up to 50/1,000/year)

Answer 14

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 15

(4) Miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal infection

Gram-positive bacillus, aerobic, non-sporeforming (NSF)

Answer 15

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 16

Causes pneumonitis and meningitis in neonates due to inoculation from vaginal flora; infection can be quite severe in newborns and leave permanent damage or cause death

Answer 16

Group B Streptococcus

Question 17

Infant botulism – ingested via unpasteurized honey and certain other foods

Answer 17

Clostridium botulinum