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1
Q

se hisser

A

rise slowly

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2
Q

soufflet

A

nm
(pour attiser un feu) bellows pl
(entre wagons) vestibule
(COUTURE) gusset
littéraire (=gifle) slap across the face

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3
Q

convoler

A

intransitive for to marry

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4
Q

muette

A

noun, mute

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5
Q

la dot

A

dowry

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6
Q

enrubanner

A

Garnish, adorned with ribbons. Silk wrap a box of chocolates. P. p. adj. Lace wrapped.; floss

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7
Q

■ Garnir, orner de rubans. Enrubanner de soie une boîte de chocolats. P. p. adj. Dentelle enrubannée.

A

Garnish, adorned with ribbons. Silk wrap a box of chocolates. P. p. adj. Lace wrapped.

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8
Q

endiablé

A

furious, boisterous

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9
Q

pénurie

A

scarcity, shortage (water, d’leau, labor, de main d’ouvre.)

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10
Q

corniche

A

a road cut into the edge of a cliff, esp. one running along a coast.

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11
Q

jucher

A

to perch (sur, on)
se jucher sur qch to perch on sth
juchée sur ses hauts talons teetering on her high heels

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12
Q

promouvoir

A

promote

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13
Q

épanouissement

A

self-fulfillment (personnel), self-actualization (de la personnalité), blossoming.

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14
Q

se dégarnir

A

dégarnir [degaʀniʀ] verbe transitif (conjugaison 2)
étym. 1080 ◊ de dé- et garnir

1. Dépouiller, totalement ou en partie, de ce qui remplit, garnit. ➙ vider. Dégarnir une vitrine. Dégarnir un compte en banque.
▫ Dégarnir le centre d’une armée pour renforcer les ailes.
2. Se dégarnir v. pron. Perdre une partie de ce qui garnit. Après le spectacle, la salle se dégarnit rapidement. ➙ se vider.
▫ Spécialt Perdre ses cheveux. Il commence à se dégarnir. Ses tempes se dégarnissent. P. p. adj. « pas assez gros pour être gros, pas encore assez dégarni pour être vraiment chauve mais tout cela viendrait » (Echenoz). ➙ chauve.

■ contraires : Garnir, pourvoir.
(thin out [degaʀniʀ] transitive verb (conjugation 2)
etym. 1080 ◊ de-and garnish

1. Strip wholly or partly with the filling, garnishes. ➙ empty. Thin out a window. Stripping the bank account.
▫ Stripping the army of the center to strengthen the wings.
2. V thin out. pron. Lose some of the garnishes. After the show, the room quickly dismantles. ➙ drain.
▫ Specialt Losing hair. He begins to thin. Dégarnissent his temples. P. p. adj. “Not big enough to be fat, not enough to be really bald bald but it would” (Echenoz). ➙ bald.

■ opposites Garnish, filled.)

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15
Q

brassage

A
  1. mixing [bʀasaʒ] masculine noun
    etym. 1331 ◊ 1. brew
  2. All operations of brewing beer.
    ◆ Action brew white cheeses.
  3. Mixture. Mixing of gas: gaseous mixture of air and fuel in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. Chromosomal brewing (intrachromosomal and interchromosomal).
    ◆ (1921) Fig. The intermingling of peoples, peoples, cultures. ➙ mixture; crucible melting pot.
  4. brassage [bʀasaʒ] nom masculin
    étym. 1331 ◊ de 1. brasser
  5. Ensemble des opérations consistant à brasser la bière.
    ◆ Action de brasser les fromages blancs.
  6. Mélange. Brassage des gaz : mélange gazeux d’air et d’essence dans la chambre de combustion d’un moteur à explosion. Brassage chromosomique (intrachromosomique et interchromosomique).
    ◆ (1921) Fig. Le brassage des peuples, des populations, des cultures. ➙ mélange; creuset, melting-pot.
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16
Q

déja

A

already

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17
Q

concours

A

→ concourir
nm
(=épreuve) competition
un concours de chant a singing competition
(ÉDUCATION) competitive examination
recrutement par voie de concours recruitment by competitive examination
→ hors
(=assistance) help, assistance
apporter son concours à to give one’s support to
concours de circonstances combination of circumstances
par un heureux concours de circonstances by a happy coincidence

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18
Q

fougue

A

Avec la fougue de la jeunesse.
Agir, parler avec fougue.
La fougue d’un orateur.
Pamphlet plein de fougue.

  1. ardor [fug] feminine noun
    etym. 1580 Italian ◊ Foga “stampede”; Latin fuga fugue →
    ⇨ etymological family flee.

    ■ Burning impetuous. ➙ 1. momentum, passion, zest, 1. fire, impetuosity. With the ardor of youth. Act, speak passionately. It introduced the Opera “the enthusiasm, the exuberance, passion and temperament” (Gautier). The ardor of a speaker. ➙ vehemence, verve. Pamphlet full of ardor. ➙ biting, virulence.

    ■ contrary: 1. Calm, composure, placidity. Coldness.
    With the ardor of youth.
    Act, speak passionately.
    The ardor of a speaker.
    Pamphlet full of ardor.
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19
Q

mur

A

mur [myʀ] nom masculin
étym. fin Xe ◊ du latin murus
Famille étymologique ⇨ mur.
I. Paroi verticale
1. Ouvrage de maçonnerie qui s’élève verticalement ou obliquement (mur de soutènement) sur une certaine longueur et qui sert à enclore, à séparer des espaces ou à supporter une poussée. Matériaux utilisés dans la construction d’un mur : pierre; moellon, parpaing; mortier; blocage, libage, remplage. Mur maçonné et mur de pierres sèches. Pièces, constructions consolidant un mur ou formant son ossature : ancre, appui, arcboutant, contrefort, contre-mur, étai, étançon, harpe, jambe. Mur de briques, de ciment; de torchis, de pisé. Construire, élever un mur. Fermer de murs. ➙ emmurer, murer. Fruit* d’un mur. Finition extérieure d’un mur : badigeonnage, crépi, parement, ravalement, rusticage. Crépir, parementer, plâtrer, jointoyer un mur. Pan de mur. Sommet d’un mur : bahut, chaperon, crête; pignon. Surface apparente d’un mur. ➙ parement; balèvre, bossage. Mur à hauteur d’appui (➙ garde-fou, parapet; muret). Constr. Mur-rideau : mur de façade qui ne supporte pas de plancher. Des murs-rideaux.
▫ Mur décrépi, lézardé, qui tombe en ruine. « Un vieux mur croulant et chargé de lierre » (Saint-Exupéry). Murs d’appui, de soutènement (➙ bajoyer, épaulement, perré). Mur de clôture. ➙ clôture, 1. enceinte. Terrain clos de murs. Mur mitoyen. Inscriptions sur les murs (➙ graffiti, tag). Mur végétal, végétalisé, formé de plantes.
▫ Mur du combattant (que doivent franchir les soldats à l’entraînement).
◆ Murs d’enceinte. (fin Xe) Les murs d’une forteresse, d’une place forte, d’une ville. ➙ courtine, fortification, muraille, rempart. Murs crénelés, percés de meurtrières. Par ext. Le mur des Lamentations, à Jérusalem.
▫ Le mur de l’Atlantique : ensemble d’ouvrages fortifiés construit par les Allemands durant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale.
▫ Le mur de Berlin (construit en 1961, détruit en 1989).
◆ (fin XIIe) Par ext. Les murs : la ville, la partie de la ville circonscrite par les murs. Dans les murs (➙ intra-muros). Hors des (les) murs (➙ extra-muros). Exposition, spectacle hors les murs, en dehors du lieu habituel.
◆ (fin XIe) Les murs d’une maison. Murs extérieurs, gros murs (➙ cage). Mur aveugle
. Mur porteur, servant de support à la construction. Murs intérieurs, de refend. ➙ cloison. Murs supportant la retombée de voûtes (➙ piédroit).
▫ Face intérieure des murs, des cloisons d’une habitation. Papier peint tapissant les murs. Mettre des tableaux aux murs. Horaire affiché au mur. ➙ mural.
▫ Loc. Entre quatre murs : en restant enfermé dans une maison (volontairement ou non). « si parfaitement seuls qu’ils pourraient ne jamais ressortir de leurs quatre murs » (Aragon). Dans ses murs : chez soi.
▫ Loc. fam. Pousser les murs : agrandir un espace. On ne peut pas pousser les murs !
◆ Loc. Raser les murs, pour se cacher, se protéger. Sauter, (plus cour.) faire le mur : sortir sans permission de la caserne, et par ext. d’une pension, d’un lieu où l’on est enfermé. Fam. Faire du mur : s’entraîner au tennis en jouant contre un mur.
▫ Fig. Coller au mur. ➙ fusiller (cf. Mettre, envoyer au poteau
). « les plus gueulards, au mur, et les autres, aux bataillons de discipline » (Guilloux).
▫ Se cogner, se taper la tête contre les murs (de désespoir).
▫ (1533) Être au pied du mur : se trouver acculé, sans échappatoire.
▫ Être le dos au mur : ne plus pouvoir fuir, reculer.
▫ Aller (droit) dans le mur, vers un échec certain. « on va droit dans le mur… l’entreprise n’a pas les moyens de payer ce que vous voulez… » (J.-P. Dubois).
▫ Les murs ont des oreilles : on peut être surveillé, épié sans qu’on s’en doute (se dit spécialt en parlant des espions).
2. Barrière, enceinte (qui n’est pas en maçonnerie). Petit mur de terre. Mur de rondins.
3. Paroi verticale formée par la neige, pente abrupte, sur une piste de ski.
◆ Mur d’escalade : paroi verticale, généralement en béton, aménagée pour pratiquer la varappe.
4. Dans les réseaux sociaux sur Internet, Page sur laquelle s’affichent les publications (messages, photos; liens…) de l’utilisateur et celles de ses contacts. « Ils laissent beaucoup de messages sur les murs les uns des autres » (V. Despentes).
II. Obstacle (fig.)
1. (1833) Ce qui sépare, forme obstacle. « Un mur de pluie me séparait du reste du monde » (Gide). « l’horizon était un mur de flammes » (Guilloux).
▫ Ensemble de personnes unies pour former un obstacle. Un mur de manifestants.
◆ (1718) Abstrait Le mur de la vie privée. Un mur d’incompréhension, de silence. Se heurter à un mur.
▫ (1883) Cet homme est un mur, est insensible, inflexible.
2. (1949) Cour. Le mur du son, techn. le mur sonique : l’ensemble des obstacles, des difficultés qui s’opposent au dépassement de la vitesse du son par un avion, un engin spatial. Franchir le mur du son (➙ supersonique; mach).
▫ Techn. Mur de la chaleur : difficultés dues à l’échauffement des parois d’avions, d’engins spatiaux, aux vitesses supersoniques.
3. Sport Faire le mur : former une défense compacte lors d’un coup franc, aux jeux de ballon.

■ homonymes : Mûr, mûre.
Wall [myʀ] masculine noun
etym. end Xe ◊ Latin murus
Etymological family ⇨ wall.
I. Vertical wall
1. Masonry which rises vertically or obliquely (retaining wall) of a certain length and which serves to enclose, to separate spaces or supporting a thrust. Materials used in the construction of a wall stone, rubble, concrete block, mortar, block, quarry stone, tracery. Masonry wall and drywall. Rooms, buildings or consolidating a wall forming its backbone: anchor, support, arcboutant, buttress, against-wall, prop, prop, harp, leg. Brick wall, cement, mud, mud. Build, build a wall. Close walls. ➙ walling, walling. Fruit * a wall. Exterior finish of a wall staining, stucco, siding, cleaning, rusticage. Plastering, parementer, plastering, grouting a wall. Section of wall. Top of a wall: chest, hood, peak; gear. Apparent surface of a wall. ➙ facing; balèvre, boss. Wall height support (➙ railing, parapet wall). Constr. Wall curtain wall façade does not support floor. Curtain walls.
▫ decrepit wall, cracked, crumbling. (Saint-Exupéry) “An old crumbling wall of ivy and loaded.” Supporting walls, retaining (➙ lock wall, shoulder, riprap). Wall fence. ➙ closing one. pregnant. Walled grounds. Party Wall. Inscriptions on the walls (➙ graffiti tag). Green wall, planted, consisting of plants.
▫ Wall of fighting (which must cross the soldiers in training).
◆ Walls pregnant. (End Xe) The walls of a fortress, a fortress, a city. ➙ curtain, fortification, wall, wall. Crenellated walls pierced with loopholes. By ext. * The Wailing Wall in Jerusalem.
▫ The Atlantic Wall: set of fortifications built by the Germans during the Second World War.
▫ The Berlin Wall (built in 1961, destroyed in 1989).
◆ (late twelfth) By ext. Walls: the city, part of the city bounded by the walls. In walls (➙ intramural). Out of (the) walls (➙ extramural). Exhibition, show off the walls, away from the usual place.
◆ (late eleventh) The walls of a house. Exterior walls, thick walls (➙ cage). * Blank wall. Bearing wall, for supporting the building. Interior walls, shear *. ➙ partition. Walls supporting the fallout vaults (➙ pier).
▫ inner face of walls, partitions of a dwelling. Wallpaper lining the walls. Put pictures on the walls. Schedule posted on the wall. ➙ wall.
▫ Loc. Between four walls: remaining locked in a house (deliberately or not). “If only they could perfectly never out of their four walls” (Aragon). Within its walls: home.
▫ Loc. fam. Push the walls: a larger space. You can not push the walls!
◆ Loc. Shave the walls to hide, protect themselves. Jump (more yard.) To the wall: leave without permission of the barracks, and ext. a board, a place where one is locked. Fam. To the wall: practice playing tennis against a wall.
▫ Fig. Paste the wall. ➙ shot (see Set, send the post *). “Most furnace top, wall, and other battalions of discipline” (Guilloux).
▫ Bumping, banging your head against the wall (in despair).
▫ (1533) Being cornered: be cornered with no way out.
▫ Being back to the wall: no longer able to flee back.
▫ Go (right) in the wall, to a certain failure. “It goes straight into the wall … the company does not afford what you want …” (JP Dubois).
▫ The walls have ears can be monitored, watched without being questioned (said Specialt speaking spies).
2. Barrier, pregnant (not masonry). Small earthen wall. Log wall.
3. Vertical wall formed by snow, steep slope on a ski slope.
◆ climbing wall: vertical wall, usually concrete, arranged to practice climbing.
4. In social networking sites, which appear on Page publications (messages, photos, links …) the user and those of its contacts. “They leave a lot of messages on the walls of one another” (v. Despentes).
II. Obstacle (fig.)
1. (1833) What separates obstacle shape. “A wall of rain between me and the rest of the world” (Gide). “The horizon was a wall of flames” (Guilloux).
▫ Set of people united to form a barrier. A wall of protesters.
◆ (1718) Abstract The wall of privacy. A wall of incomprehension, silence. Run into a wall.
▫ (1883) This man is a wall, insensitive, inflexible.
2. (1949) Court. The sound barrier, techn. sonic wall: all the obstacles, difficulties opposed to exceed the speed of sound in an airplane, a spacecraft. Breaking the sound barrier (➙ supersonic mach).
▫ Techn. Wall heat: difficulties due to the heating of aircraft, spacecraft walls at supersonic speeds.
3. Sport Make the wall: form a compact defense during a free kick, the ball games.

■ homonyms: Ripe, blackberry.

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20
Q

griserie

A

intoxication [gʀizʀi] feminine noun
etym. ◊ 1838 to intoxicate

1. Excitement comparable to the first effects of intoxication. ➙ dizziness, excitement, exhilaration. A thrill of fresh air. “Speed ​​unknown thrill of our fathers” (Mauriac).
2. Fig. Moral exaltation, intellectual, accompanied by some impaired judgment. The intoxication of success, power.

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21
Q

dresser

A

stand upright
draw [dʀese] transitive verb (conjugation 1)
etym. end of the eleventh ◊ popular Latin directiare, family directus → 1. right
⇨ etymological family law.
I. Transitive verb
A. Make vertical
1. Keep right and vertically. ➙ 1. up, straighten. Dresser head. Dog, horse stands ears (➙ chauvir).
▫ (late twelfth) Loc. Listen up: listen carefully, directing his attention (see Lend, lend an ear). “When I imitate someone everyone pricks up his ears, as if suddenly I existed” (J. Reda).
◆ Provide a vertical, high picture. “Peak reared its large cone bathed in sunlight” (Loti).
2. (Twelfth center) Make up straight. Erect a mast, draw up a ladder against a wall. ➙ plant.
▫ By ext. Construct, install (which is above and right). ➙ raise, erect. A monument, a statue. Develop a stake. Prepare a bed, a tent. ➙ up. * Set up altars to sb.
3. (Early thirteenth) (born Style) Provide as necessary. ➙ install prepare. Set the table, cover. ➙ set. Prepare a dish, have to present. Loc. fig. Dresser’s batteries: take action against an opponent. Lay a snare, a trap for an animal to sb. ➙ 1. tender.
4. Do establish carefully. ➙ established. Draw a map, a plan, a table. ➙ calculate study. An inventory, a list, a balance sheet.
◆ Write in the prescribed form. Develop an act, attorney, contract. Prepare a report, a statement, an inventory.
5. Fig. Develop a person against another, to opposition. ➙ shine, rise. “The others think that I alone put these ideas into her head and who stands against them” (Mauriac).
B. Techn. Make straight and flat (twelfth center) Develop a stone. ➙ squaring. Develop a board, a piece of wood, metal. ➙ smooth, planing.
C. Make subject
1. (1580, Montaigne) Vx or PEJ. (People) accustom (someone) to dutifully and regularly something. Develop a young soldier of the military profession. ➙ form. Develop a child, a student. ➙ educate, raise, educate.
◆ Fam. To yield, bend. ➙ 1. mater. I will make you. It will draw the (cf. It will his feet;’ll teach him).
2. Accustom (an animal) by dressing * to perform a specific program. Train a dog to retrieve the game. Dresser circus animals, wild beasts, a bird of prey. ➙ tame.
▫ P. p. adj. Well-trained animal. Fauves prepared.
SE DRESSER
II. Standing up reflexive verb
1. (Late eleventh) Getting right. Stand on tiptoe to see better. ➙ will increase. She “stood up in his bed, stiff” (Loti). ➙ sit. Stand on his hind legs *. Animal stands on its hind legs. ➙ pitch up.
▫ Loc. (With ellipse to) Make your hair stand on head * Someone.
2. (Things) Being right. Mountain which rises on the horizon. ➙ rise, 1. point. Obstacles on the road, on the way.
3. Fig. (Twelfth center) Standing up against sb. ➙ rise, rise up, oppose. Stand against the invaders. ➙ resist (see Coping *). “The day the socialist organization, working, will stand against the war” (Romans).
4. (Pass.) able to be compiled (animals). Donkeys are educated, but do not stand.

■ contrary: Lower, lower, 1. bed, bend, break down, break. Warp. - 1. Sunset (se). Obey, submit (to).

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22
Q

écervelée

A

birdbrained

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23
Q

se farcir

A

to get stuck

farcir: to stuff

  1. Remplir, garnir de farce (un mets). Farcir une volaille, un poisson, des tomates.
    ▫ Pronom. pass. La dinde se farcit avec des marrons.
  2. Fig. Surcharger de (connaissances, notions, idées, etc.). Farcir la tête d’un enfant de connaissances inutiles. ➙ bourrer, encombrer. Farcir un écrit de citations. ➙ truffer.
  3. (1932) Fam. Se farcir (qqch.) : prendre et consommer. ➙ s’envoyer, se taper. Se farcir un bon repas.
    ▫ Faire (une corvée). Se farcir tout le travail. ➙ s’enfiler, se fader, se payer.
    ◆ Vulg. Se farcir qqn, posséder sexuellement. ➙ se faire.
    ▫ Fam. et péj. Supporter. J’ai dû me farcir le gosse. Loc. fam. Il faut se le (la, les) farcir (chose, personne), le (la, les) supporter, et c’est pénible (cf. Il faut se le faire*).
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24
Q

oisif

A
  1. Who, of momentarily or permanently, has no occupation, does not exercise profession. ➙ idle, inactive, unoccupied. Remain idle. ➙ fam. chill out, hang out (see Comb giraffe *). “Every idle citizen is a knave” (Rousseau).
    ▫ By ext. Lead an idle life.
    ▫ Adv. idly, 1500.
  2. N. (1553) A person who has a lot of leisure. Of the idle rich.
    ▫ Specialt person that his fortune can live comfortably without having to exercise lucrative profession. “The fear of death is a luxury that affects much more than the idle worker” (Camus).1. Qui, de manière momentanée ou permanente, est dépourvu d’occupation, n’exerce pas de profession. ➙ désœuvré, inactif, inoccupé. Rester oisif. ➙ fam. buller, glander (cf. Peigner la girafe*). « Tout citoyen oisif est un fripon » (Rousseau).
    ▫ Par ext. Mener une vie oisive.
    ▫ Adv. oisivement, 1500.
  3. N. (1553) Personne qui dispose de beaucoup de loisir. De riches oisifs.
    ▫ Spécialt Personne à qui sa fortune permet de vivre largement sans avoir à exercer de profession lucrative. « l’angoisse de la mort est un luxe qui touche beaucoup plus l’oisif que le travailleur » (Camus).
25
Q

gaspiller

A

to waste

26
Q

réticences

A

rectince-not revealing one’s thoughts or feelings readily : she was extremely reticent about her personal affairs.

27
Q

le dandinement

A

the waddling

Des dandinements de canard.

■ Action de se dandiner, mouvement qui en résulte. ➙ balancement, déhanchement. Des dandinements de canard. « Le dandinement monotone d’une mule au trot » (Loti).

28
Q

morosité

A

morbidity, greif, sadness (chagrin, tristesse)

◆ (repris 1971) Manque d’entrain créatif (creative enthusiasm) caractérisant un groupe, une société. ➙ marasme, stagnation. La morosité politique, économique d’un pays.

29
Q

miel

A

honey

30
Q

laiteux, laiteuse

A

milky

31
Q

étinceler

A

to sparkle

32
Q

sceller

A

to seal or to embed

33
Q

s’auréoler

A

to take on an aura

34
Q

surtout

A

above all

35
Q

lointain

A

distant

36
Q

ambré

A

amber

37
Q

touffu

A

dense, complex, involved

38
Q

manguiers

A

mangos

39
Q

emmener

A

to take

40
Q

des vagues

A

waves in water

41
Q

adjonction

A

addition, attatchment

42
Q

se liguer

A

to conspire against or to join forces (liguer is to get to join forces)

43
Q

manchot

A

one armed, armless

44
Q

nourrisson

A

infant

45
Q

nuage

A

cloud

46
Q

embrasser

A

to kiss, to embrace, to encompass

47
Q

s’ankyloser

A

to stiffen,

abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of the bones.

48
Q

abri

A

shelter

49
Q

justicer, justicière

A

righter of wrongs, upholder of the law

50
Q

mainmise

A

seizure

51
Q

démêles

A

problems

52
Q

lépreuse

A

lèpre – leprosy, lepor

53
Q

se traîner

A

to drag oneself along

54
Q

aveugle

A

blind

55
Q

fouet

A

a noun for a whisk or a whip

56
Q

recèle

A

receive, hold

57
Q

rancoeur

A

resentment

58
Q

égaré

A

adj for lost