Ch8: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Question 1

Norms

Answer 1

Rules that regulate social life including explicit laws and implicit cultural convention

Question 2

Roles

Answer 2

The social position that is governed by a set of norms for proper behavior

Question 3

Culture

Answer 3

Shared rules that govern the behavior of people in the community and a set of value, beliefs, and customs shared by most in that community

Question 4

Milgram’s Experiment

Answer 4

All participants shocked the actor at least once. 2/3 Gave all levels of shock, even though many were upset by being asked to do so.
Obedience is a function of the situation (roles, context, and status) not always of personality

Question 5

Why do people obey?

Answer 5

1. To avoid punishment
2. Out of respect for authority
3. Entrapment: individuals escalate their commitment to a course of actions to justify their investment of time, money, and effort

Question 6

Attribution Theory

Answer 6

People are motivated their own and others behavior by attributing causes of that behavior to a disposition or situation

Question 7

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 7

The tendency to explaining other people’s behavior, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of the situation.

Question 8

Attitudes

Answer 8

A relatively stable opinion containing beliefs and emotional feelings about a topic, people, group, activity.
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes

Question 9

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 9

A State of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds 2 cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent. Or when A person’s belief is inconsistent with their behavior

Question 10

GroupThink

Answer 10

The tendency for all members in a group to think alike for the sake of harmony and ignore alternative beliefs

Question 11

Bystander effect

Answer 11

The finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders

Question 12

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 12

When people feel that they are less responsible for helping someone in need if there are more people present

Question 13

De Individualization

Answer 13

The loss of awareness of one’s own individuality and seem to hand themselves over to the mood of the crowd

Question 14

Social Identity

Answer 14

Part of a person self-concept based on their identification with a social group

Question 15

In-group bias

Answer 15

The tendency to favor one’s own group

Question 16

Stereotype

Answer 16

A summary impression of a group in which a person believes that all members of a group share common traits +,-, or neutral

Question 17

Prejudice

Answer 17

a strong, unreasonable dislike or hatred of a group based on a negative stereotype