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Psychology 101 > Ch 15: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Ch 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorders

A

Any behavior or emotional state that causes a person to be emotionally unstable, hard to work with, and a danger to others

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2
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorders + abnormalities in what part of the brain

A

A continuous state of anxiety and worry

-6months to diagnose abnormalities in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

Panic Disorders

A

Recurring Panic Attacks due to stress and traumatic experiences

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4
Q

Panic Attacks

A

Periods of intense fear and feelings of death

  • Symptoms: Rapid heart rate and dizziness
  • may last minutes to hours
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5
Q

Phobia

A

an exaggerated unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object

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6
Q

Social Phobias

A

Individuals become extremely anxious in situations in which they will be observed: eating in a restaurant, performing, speaking in public

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7
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person “fear of fear.”

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8
Q

PTSD+ Symptoms+ Brain Association

A

A disorder in which a person who experienced a life-threatening event has symptoms such as nightmares, flashbacks, insomnia

  • Diagnosed 1 month or longer
  • Associated with a smaller hippocampus
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9
Q

OCD+ Brain Association

A

A disorder in which people feel trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsession) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety

-Prefrontal cortex and amygdala

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10
Q

Major Depression

A

A disorder involving disturbances in which a person may feel excessively sad which leads to a loss of interest in daily activities. They feel hopeless and sleep too much as a way to cope with sadness.
- Diagnose for 2 weeks

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11
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Mood disorder in which both depression and mania (excess euphoria)

-Symptoms need to be present for a couple of weeks

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12
Q

Origins of depression: Genetic Predisposition

A

Moderately heritable by 40% and specific genes are unknown
-There is a strong relationship between genetics and depression as a child but as an adult environmental factors are strong predictors

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13
Q

Origins of depression: Violence and Parental Neglect

A
  • Repeated experience of violence
  • Childhood maltreatment
  • Domestic violence
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14
Q

Origins of depression: Losses of Important Relationships

A

Many depressed people have a history of:

  • Separation
  • Losses
  • Rejection
  • Impaired, insecure relationships
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15
Q

Origins of depression: Cognitive Habits

A
  • Depression involves specific negative ways of thinking about one’s situation
  • The situation is uncontrollable and permanent
  • Rumination: Brooding about negative aspects of one’s life
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16
Q

Personality disorder

A

Impairments in personality that cause great distress or inability to get along with others

17
Q

Border Personality Disorder (BPD)

A

Characterized by extreme negative emotionality and inability to regulate emotion.

-Intense unstable relationships, self-mutilation behaviors, and fear of abandonment

18
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)

A

Characterized by a life long pattern of law-breaking and violence. Reckless disregard to one’s own safety as well as others

19
Q

Psychopathy

A

A personality disorder characterized by fearless lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse; they use deceit and cold-heartedness to get what they want
-They don’t respond physiologically to punishments as others do and have trouble recognizing fear on people’s face

20
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Bizarre delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganized, incoherent speech
  4. Catatonic behavior
  5. Impaired cognitive abilities
21
Q

Schizophrenia on the Brain

A
  1. A brain disease: reduced volumes of gray matter in the frontal cortex and temporal lobe (25% less)
  2. Smaller hippocampus
  3. Deformed thalamus
  4. Enlargement of ventricle- space filled with cerebrospinal fluid
22
Q

origins of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Genetic Pre dispositions
  2. Prenatal problems or birth complications
  3. Biological events during adolescence
23
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A
  • Used primarily to treat Schiz but can be used for dementia and aggressiveness
  • Blocks or reduces the sensitivity of dopamine receptors, block some serotonin
  • Can relieve positive symptoms of schiz: Hallucinations and delusions
  • ineffective for negative symptoms
24
Q

Antidepressant Drugs

A

Used primarily for depression, anxiety, phobias, and OCDS

25
Q

3 Classes of Antidepressant Drugs

A
  1. MAOIs: elevates levels of norepinephrine and serotonin
  2. Tricyclics: elevates levels of norepinephrine and serotonin
  3. SSRIs: elevate serotonin
    Side effects: dry mouth, headaches, constipation
26
Q

Anti-anxiety Drugs

A

increase the activity of GABA

27
Q

Lithium Carbonate (Salt)

A

Used to treat mania in bipolar disorder. It inhibits irregular PKC protein activity
-Must be given in exact doses too much is toxic

28
Q

Drug Treatment Cautions (5): the Placebo Effect +Study

A

The apparent success of medication or treatment due to patients expectations rather than the drug treatment itself

Study: Meta-Analysis (5000 patients): Placebo effects account for 80% of alleviated symptoms

29
Q

Drug Treatment Cautions (5): High Relapse and Dropout Rate

A

There may be short term success but 50-66% of patients stop using meds because of unpleasant side effects

30
Q

Drug Treatment Cautions (5): Disregard for Non- Medical Treatments

A

The popularity of drug advertising make consumers draw to drugs even though nonmedical treatments may work better than the drugs.

31
Q

Drug Treatment Cautions (5): Unknown Risk Overtime

A

Anti Depressants are assumed to be safe but no long term research has been conducted

32
Q

Drug Treatment Cautions (5): Untested Off Label Uses

A

There is little to no data on giving drugs for conditions they were not intended for.

33
Q

Transference

A

a critical process in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions such as emotional feelings about his/her parents, onto their therapist

34
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

Applies conditioning to help people with their own self defeating and problematic behavior

35
Q

Behavioral Techniques

A
  1. Gradual exposure
  2. Flooding: a client is taken directly into the situation until their panic subsides
  3. Behavioral Self Monitoring
  4. Skill training; an effort to teach client new constructive behaviors to replace old ones
36
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

A

a form of cognitive designed to challenge the clients illogical beliefs

37
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A

Based on the idea that we think (cognition), how we feel (emotions) and how we act (behavior) all interact together
-Clients identify and accept negative thoughts and feelings without trying to get rid of them

38
Q

Humanist Therapy

A
  • Emphasizes personal growth and resilience in clients ability to change rather than dwelling on the past
  • Client-Centered (non- directive) therapy: Humanist approach developed by Carl Rogers
  • Emphasizes therapist empathy with clients

Psychology 101 (9 decks)

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