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ENT > Stridor > Flashcards

Stridor Flashcards

1
Q

What is stridor?

A

musical noise heard in inspiration from partial obstruction at the larynx or large airways

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2
Q

Why is stridor potentially more dangerous in children

A

childrens airways are narrower and more readily deformed

obstruction happens faster and more dramatically

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3
Q

What are congenital causes of stridor?

A

laryngomalacia
web/stenosis
vascular rings

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4
Q

What are inflammatory causes of stridor/\

A

laryngitis, epiglottitis, croup, anaphylaxis

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5
Q

What are other causes of stridor

A

tumours - haemangiomas or papillomas
trauma - thermal/chemical
foreign body
vocal cord paralysis

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6
Q

What usually causes croup?

A

parainfluenza virus

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7
Q

When is the peak incidence of croup?

A

6m - 3yrs

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8
Q

What time of year is croup moree common?

A

autumn

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9
Q

How does croup usually present>

A

barking cough - worse at night
stridor
fever
coryzal sx

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10
Q

What causes the stridor in croup?

A

laryngeal oedema and secretions

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11
Q

What is the usual rx of croup

A

usually self limiting so can be treated at home

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12
Q

What is rx of severe croup

A

abx
humidified O2
nebulised adrenaline
dexamethasone

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13
Q

What causes acute epiglottitis?

A

haemophilus influenza type b

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14
Q

How does acute epiglottitis usually present?

A 
NO cough 
Rapid onset 
Stridor
Drooling of saliva
Sore throat 
SOB
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15
Q

What is peak age of epiglottitis?

A

2-6yrs

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16
Q

What is the management of epiglottis?

A

ITU - dont examine the throat!!!
O2 by mask
Give nebuliser adrenaline, IV dexamethasone
IVI + penicillin G + ceftriaxone

17
Q

What is laryngomalacia?

A

congenital abnormality of larynx

18
Q

When does layryngomalacia typically present and how?

A

between hours and weeks of birth

19
Q

What is the character of the stridor in laryngomalacia?

A

noticeable in certain positions, sleep or if excited/upset

20
Q

What is the treatment of laryngomalacia?

A

usually none, improves by 2yrs in most

If severe - surgery

21
Q

How does unilateral laryngeal paralysis present?

A

during 1st weeks of life w:

hoarse breathy cry aggravated by agitation, feeding difficulties +/- aspiration

22
Q

How does bilateral laryngeal paralysis present?

A

inspiratory stridor at rest that worsens upon agitation +/- significant resp distress

23
Q

What is rx of unilateral laryngeal paralysis?

A

supportive as most recover by 2-3yrs

24
Q

What is rx of bilateral laryngeal paralysis?

A

may need urgent airway intervention +/- surgery

ENT (19 decks)

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