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BMS 242 CVS & Respiration > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

Inflow phase, isovolumetric contraction, outflow phase, isovolumetric relaxtion

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2
Q

What is diastole

A

ventricle relaxation

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3
Q

What is systole

A

ventricle contraction

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4
Q

What does iso-volumetric mean?

A

no volume change

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5
Q

What happens to the valves during iso-volumetric changes

A

all valves are close

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6
Q

When does the AV valve close

A

during outflow phase

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7
Q

Why does the AV valve close during outflow opahse

A

prevent backflow into the atria

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8
Q

What is length systole at rest

A

300ms

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9
Q

What is the effect of diastolic phase decreasing on HR

A

when diastolic phase decreases, HR increases

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10
Q

What the differences between the left and right ventricles

A

left ventricle has higher pressure, more muscular

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11
Q

What is the ventricular volume in end phase (inflow)

A

high

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12
Q

What is the ventricular volume in end phase (inflow)

A

low

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13
Q

What is the atrial pressure during end phase (inflow)

A

higher than ventricular pressure

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14
Q

Describe the flow of blood during end phase (inflow)

A

blood moves from atria into ventricles through open AV valve down pressure gradient

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15
Q

What is stroke volume

A

volume of blood expelled in each heartbeat

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16
Q

What contracts during end phase (inflow)

A

atria

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17
Q

How much blood moves into the ventricle during end phase (inflow)

A

20% of stroke volume

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18
Q

Describe the system in phase 2 (isovolumetric contraction)

A

closed

19
Q

Why does the AV valve close during phase 2 (iso contraction)

A

increased ventricle pressure

20
Q

Describe the pressure in the ventricles during phase 2 (isovol contraction)

A

ventricles contract so ventricle pressure increases

21
Q

Describe the movement of blood during phase 2 (isovol contraction)

A

NO movement!!!!

22
Q

What is the end systolic volume typically at rest

A

50mls

23
Q

What is the end systolic volume?

A

ventricles are never empty, remaining volume

24
Q

Describe the changes in the ventricle during phase 3 (outflow)

A

ventricle pressure is increasing, ventricle blood volume decreases

25
Q

Describe the movement of blood during phase 3 (outflow)

A

blood moves out ventricle into aorta

26
Q

What valve is opened at the end of phase 2 (isovol contraction)

A

aortic semi lunar valve

27
Q

Describe the aortic pressure during phase 3 outflow

A

increases

28
Q

Describe the changes to the atria during phase 3 (outflow)

A

Atria fill with blood and pressure rises

29
Q

Describe blood flow during phase 4 (isovol relaxation)

A

no blood flow

30
Q

Which phases have no change in blood volume

A

2 and 4

31
Q

What causes the semi lunar valve to close

A

back flow of blood

32
Q

Describe ventricle changes during phase 4 (isovol relaxation)

A

no volume changes, muscles relax, pressure decreases

33
Q

What valves are open during phase 4

A

none

34
Q

What is the last part of the cardiac cycle

A

early phase 1 inflow

35
Q

Describe blood flow during early phase 1 inflow phase

A

blood moves into ventricles from atria

36
Q

Describe ventricle pressure in early phase 1 inflow

A

drops slightly below atrial pressure

37
Q

What valve opens during early phase 1 inflow

A

mitral valve

38
Q

Describe the volume changes in the ventricle during early phase 1 inflow

A

large increase in volume, hydrostatic pressure generated

39
Q

Describe atrial pressure during early phase 1 inflow

A

rises due to inflow of blood larger than outflow

40
Q

What is the P wave associated with

A

atrial contraction

41
Q

What is the QRS complex associated with

A

ventricular contraction

42
Q

What is the T wave associated with

A

ventricular relaxation

43
Q

What is reduced in heart failure

A

ejection fractions

BMS 242 CVS & Respiration (10 decks)

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