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Ecology > Life History Patterns > Flashcards

Life History Patterns Flashcards

1
Q

_____ Reproduction is the fusion of gametes

- 50% DNA

A

Sexual Reproduction

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2
Q

_____ Reproduction is reproduction without fertilization

  • includes budding, dividing, and fission
  • 100% DNA
A

Asexual Reproduction

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3
Q

_____ is a form of asexual reproduction in which the ovum develops without fertilization by a male
ex: aphids

A

Parthenogenesis

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4
Q

_____ Tradeoff is when there’s genetic diversity with slow growth of population

A

Sexual Tradeoff

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5
Q

_____ Tradeoff is when the offspring are genetically identical to the parent, there’s no genetic diversity and rapid growth of a population

A

Asexual Tradeoff

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6
Q

_____ is when the female steals sperm from males to use for energy or to stimulate parthenogenesis, but not fertilization

A

Kleptogenesis

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7
Q

the _____ produces pollen on a plant

A

Stamen

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8
Q

the _____ produces the ovule on a plant

A

Pistil

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9
Q

_____ is when theres male and female parts on separate plants

A

Dioecious

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10
Q

_____ is when theres male and female flowers on the same plant

A

Monoecious

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11
Q

a _____ has male and female parts on the same flower

A

Perfect Flower

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12
Q

the _____ is at the base of the pistil

A

Ovary

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13
Q

the _____ is part of the pistil where pollen lands

A

Stigma

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14
Q

the _____ is the elongated area between the ovule and the stigma

A

Style

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15
Q

_____ is where pollen competes in the style to be the first to the ovule for fertilization

A

Pollen Competition

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16
Q

a _____ is an organism with both female and male reproductive organs

A

Hermaphrodite

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17
Q

a _____ Hermaphrodite is an organism that simultaneously has male and female organs at the same time

A

Simultaneous Hermaphrodite

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18
Q

a _____ Hermaphrodite is an organism that changes sex over time

A

Sequential Hermaphrodite

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19
Q

a _____ Hermaphrodite is a type of Sequential Hermaphrodite that is a female first

A

Protogynous Hermaphrodite

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20
Q

a _____ Hermaphrodite is a type of Sequential Hermaphrodite that is a male first

A

Protandrous Hermaphrodite

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21
Q

_____ is a lasting pair bond between one male and one female

A

Monogamy

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22
Q

_____ is 2 or more mates by one individual

A

Polygamy

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23
Q

_____ is a form of Polygamy where the male pairs with 2 or more females

A

Polygyny

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24
Q

_____ is a form of Polygamy where the female pairs with 2 or more males

A

Polyandry

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25
Q

_____ are when males and female mate without forming pair bonds; no lasting pair bonds with a lot of mates

A

Promiscuity

26
Q

_____ seek copulation with an individual outside the pair bond

A

Extra Pair Copulations

27
Q

_____ is systematic differences in form between individuals of different sex in the same species

A

Sexual Dimorphism

28
Q

_____ Selection is sexual selection based on competition within one sex for opportunity to mate

A

Intrasexual Selection

29
Q

_____ Selection is differential attractiveness of individuals with one sex to the other
- mate choice

A

Intersexual Selection

30
Q

_____ is competition among sperm from more than one male to fertilize the eggs of one female

A

Sperm Competition

31
Q

_____ is the use of physical or chemical mechanisms by a female to select which sperm will fertilize her eggs

A

Cryptic Female Choice

32
Q

_____ is behaviors to prevent reproductive opportunities or access to another mate

A

Mate Guarding

33
Q

_____ are a communal where 2 or more males perform courtship display

A

Leks

34
Q

_____ is less predation by satiating predators and birth for times when resources are available

A

Synchronize Breeding

35
Q

_____ is having a single reproductive effort over a lifetime

A

Semelparity

36
Q

_____ is having multiple reproductive efforts over a lifetime

A

Iteroparity

37
Q

_____ includes competition, stress tolerance and ruder colonization ability

A

Grimes Three Way Tradeoff

38
Q

Grimes Three Way Tradeoff is what 3 things?

A
  1. Competition
  2. Stress Tolerance
  3. Ruderal Colonization Ability
39
Q

_____ plants are semelparous

A

Annual Plants

40
Q

_____ plants are semelparous but live for two years

A

Biennial Plants

41
Q

_____ plantar iteroparous

A

Perennials

42
Q

_____ is a lifetime pattern of growth, development and reproduction

A

Life History

43
Q

_____ is the ability to reproduce

A

Fecundity

44
Q

_____ are short lived with high reproductive rates at low population densities, rapid development, small body size, large number of offspring with low survival and minimal parental care

A

R-Strategists

45
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of R-Strategists?

A
  1. High reproductive rates at low population densities
  2. Rapid development
  3. small body size
  4. Large number of offspring with low survival
  5. Minimal parental care
  6. Short lived
46
Q

the _____ is a mathematical expression for the population growth curve in which rate of increase decreases linearly as population size increases

A

Logistic Growth Equation

47
Q

What is the Logistic Growth Equation?

A

dN/dt = rN (K-N)/(K)

48
Q

_____ is how females make decisions about resources versus parental care

A

Polygyny Threshold Model

49
Q

What are the _____ steps of Polygyny Threshold Model

A
  1. Males arrive first and settle
  2. Females arrive sequentially
  3. 1st female goes to the best territory
  4. 2nd female goes to the next best and so on
50
Q

the point where it pays to go to an already occupied territory even if the male will not help with the offspring is the _____ in a Polygyny Threshold Model

A

Polygyny Threshold

51
Q

In a Polygyny Threshold Model what influences the number of females?

A

The male territory quality

52
Q

_____ are good competitors with a slow growth rate, stable populations, long-lived individuals, small number of offspring and parental care

A

K-Strategists

53
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of a K-Strategist?

A
  1. Good competitor
  2. Slow growth rate
  3. Stable population
  4. Long-lived individuals
  5. Small number of offspring
  6. Parental care
54
Q

the ____ is when frequent disturbance still favors highly fecund, short-lived species when stress is low
- low disturbances favor long-lived species when stress is low

A

Grime’s Life History Theory

55
Q

_____ is cross fertilization in which pollen from one individual fertilizes the ovum of another

A

Outcrossing

56
Q

a _____ is the pattern of mating between males and females in a population

A

Mating System

57
Q

_____ are young that are able to move about and forage for themselves shortly after birth

A

Precicual

58
Q

_____ are young that are born or hatched in a helpless condition and require considerable parental care

A

Altricial

59
Q

_____ is the total energetic costs of reproduction per unit time

A

Reproductive Effort

60
Q

_____ are males that look like females

A

Sneaker Males

Ecology (9 decks)

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