Chapter 7

Question 1

Cognitive Distortion

Answer 1

A re-evaluation of the inputs an employee brings to a job, often occurring in response to equity distress

Question 2

Comparison Other

Answer 2

Another person who provides a frame of reference for judging equity

Question 3

Competence

Answer 3

The capability to perform work tasks successfully

Question 4

Engagement

Answer 4

A widely used term in contemporary workplaces that has different meanings depending on the context; most often refers to motivation, but can refer to affective commitment

Question 5

Equity Distress

Answer 5

An internal tension that results from being over rewarded or under rewarded relative to some comparison other

Question 6

Equity Theory

Answer 6

A theory that suggest that employees create a mental ledger of the outcomes they receive for their job inputs, relative to some comparison other

Question 7

Expectancy

Answer 7

The belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in successful performance on some task

Question 8

Expectancy Theory

Answer 8

A theory that describes the cognitive process employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses

Question 9

External Comparisons

Answer 9

Comparing oneself to someone in a different company

Question 10

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 10

Desire to put forth work effort due to some contingency that depends on task performance

Question 11

Feedback

Answer 11

In job characteristics theory, the degree to which the job itself provides information about how well the job holder is doing

Question 12

Goal commitment

Answer 12

The degree to which a person is determined to reach the goal

Question 13

Goal setting theory

Answer 13

A theory that views goals as the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort

Question 14

Impact

Answer 14

The sense that person’s actions “make a difference” - that progress is being made toward fulfilling some important purpose

Question 15

Instrumentality

Answer 15

The belied that successful performance will result in some outcome or outcomes

Question 16

Internal Comparisons

Answer 16

Comparing oneself to someone in your same company

Question 17

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 17

Desire to put forth work effort due to the sense that task performance serves as its own reward

Question 18

Meaningfulness

Answer 18

A psychological state reflecting one’s feelings about work tasks, goals, and purposes, and the degree to which they contribute to society and fulfil one’s ideals and passions

Question 19

Meaning of money

Answer 19

The idea that money can have symbolic value (ie achievement, respect, freedom) in addition to economic value

Question 20

Motivation

Answer 20

A set of energetic forces that determine the direction, intensity, and persistence of an employee’s work effort

Question 21

Needs

Answer 21

Groupings or clusters of outcomes viewed as having psychological or physiological consequences

Question 22

Psychological Empowerment

Answer 22

An entry rooted in the belief that tasks are contributing to some larger purpose

Question 23

S.M.A.R.T.

Answer 23

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Results-based
Time-sensitive

Question 24

S.M.A.R.T. goals

Answer 24

Specific, measurable, achievable, results-based and time sensitive goals, which Microsoft managers are trained to encourage in employees

Question 25

Self-determination

Answer 25

A sense of choice in the initiation and continuation of work tasks

Question 26

Self-efficacy

Answer 26

The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to perform the behaviours required on some task

Question 27

Self-set goals

Answer 27

The internalized goals that people use to monitor their own progress

Question 28

Specific and difficult goals

Answer 28

Goals that stretch an employee to perform at his or her maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of his or her ability

Question 29

Task complexity

Answer 29

The degree to which the information and actions needed to complete a task are complicated

Question 30

Valence

Answer 30

The anticipated value of the outcomes associated with successful performance

Question 31

4 Motivation Theories

Answer 31

1) Expectancy Theory
2) Goal-setting Theory
3) Equity Theory
4) Psychological Empowerment