CHAPTER 7

Question 1

Carl Linnaeus

Answer 1

Introduced taxonomy and is known as the father of modern taxonomy.

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

the science of naming and organizing organism into related groups.

Question 3

Binomial name

Answer 3

consists of both the genus name and the specific epithet.

Question 4

how is the binomial name written

Answer 4

The genus name is always capitalized and the epithet is not. also the binomial name is always italicized.

Question 5

what does it mean when organisms of different species belong to the same genus and genus name.

Answer 5

means that hey are very similar in overall form and are more closely related to each other than to members of any other genus.

Question 6

how are epithets shared between organisms?

Answer 6

specific epithets may be shared by many organisms, regardless of how closely related they are.

Question 7

Rule of priority

Answer 7

states that one a species has officially been given a binomial name, the name cannot be changed

Question 8

what is an exception to the rule of priority

Answer 8

unless there turns out that the organism is not really a new species, in which case, the binomial name is abandoned.

Question 9

what must a biologist do to give a new species a binomial name?

Answer 9

a biologist must publish a description of the species describing the list of characteristics that makes this species unique. this must be published in a peer-reviewed scientific publication.

Question 10

peer-reviewed scientific publication

Answer 10

is one that is not published until it has been reviewed by other scientists to verify that the contents of the publication are legitimate and scientifically reasonable.

Question 11

Holotype specimen

Answer 11

a holotype specimen is a physical example of the new species, doesn’t need to be whole, just needs the parts that make it a unique species.

Question 12

interspecific variation.

Answer 12

individuals that differ in morphology because they belong to different species.

Question 13

intraspecific variation.

Answer 13

individuals that belong to the same species but that have different morphologies.

Question 14

what are potential sources to intraspecific variation.

Answer 14

• sexual dimorphism
• ontogenetic variation
• individual variation
• taphonomic variation.

Question 15

ontogenetic variation.

Answer 15

the variation that you can see between young individuals and young individuals of the same species. besides size differences, changes in shape as they grow.

Question 16

individual variation.

Answer 16

is the normal variation that exists among individuals of a given species.

Question 17

taphonomic variation

Answer 17

taphonomic processes like plastic deformation can change the shape of the bone.

Question 18

biological species concept

Answer 18

defines a species as a group of organisms that can successfully interbreed. works well for most plants and animals.

Question 19

what is the problem with biological species concept ?

Answer 19

• it cannot be applied to the majority of those modern organisms that reproduce asexually which cannot interbreed at all.
• it cannot be applied to extinct animals because teasing if they can interbreed is impossible.

Question 20

population

Answer 20

Is any group of organisms that live in the same geographic area and can interbreed.

Question 21

the morphological concept

Answer 21

defines a species as a group of organisms that share a certain degree of physical similarity.

Question 22

which concept is applied to paleontology and why?

Answer 22

because fossils are assumed to be of the same species if their physical similarities are consistent with the similarities that would be expected between members of the same species.

Question 23

lumpers

Answer 23

paleontologists who require more differences before they consider two species to be distinct

Question 24

splitters

Answer 24

paleontologists who require fewer differences before they consider two species to be distinct

Question 25

how can the skull, pubis, vertebrae, and pelvis of a young and old Dino be distinguished?

Answer 25

a younger dinosaur would have the bones of the skull, vertebrae, and pelvis not tightly fused together, and you would be able to see the sutures between the individual bones.