CHAPTER 12

Question 1

Species that are still present today are called ____ _____

Answer 1

extant species

Question 2

whose members have all died off are called _____ _______

Answer 2

extinct species.

Question 3

mass extinction event

Answer 3

When such a sudden and global loss of species occurs,

Question 4

Palaeontologists generally recognize _ major mass extinctions

Answer 4

5

Question 5

what are the five mass extinctions ?

Answer 5

The End Ordovician mass extinction

The Late Devonian mass extinction

The End Permian mass extinction

The End Triassic mass extinction

The End-Cretaceous Extinction

Question 6

The End Ordovician mass extinction

Answer 6

affected only marine organisms, but at that time terrestrial organisms just begun to evolve.

Question 7

The Late Devonian mass extinction

Answer 7

was also largely limited to marine organisms, including some early vertebrate clades.

Question 8

The End Permian mass extinction

Answer 8

saw the largest loss of diversity in all of Earth’s history. Marine invertebrates were decimated, and this was the largest mass extinction of insects. On land, the synapsids were hard hit, as were the anapsids

Question 9

The End Triassic mass extinction

Answer 9

saw the extinction of most lineages of pseudosuchian archosaurs, as well as many of the synapsids that had survived the End Permian extinction, and also affected marine life.

Question 10

The End-Cretaceous Extinction

Answer 10

event occurred roughly 66 million years ago and killed all non-avian dinosaurs. In the oceans, large marine diapsids, died out, as did many varieties of corals, several forms of plankton, and ammonites. Pterosaurs went extinct as well. Although birds ultimately survived

Question 11

how survived the late Cretaceous extinction

Answer 11

Mammals, turtles, crocodiles, amphibians, and fish

Question 12

who had the best chances of surviving the Cretaceous extinction

Answer 12

Small animals, and particularly those that were semiaquatic

Question 13

________ are a good example: these crocodile-like aquatic diapsids (completely unrelated to crocodilians, and another good example of convergent evolution at work

Answer 13

Champsosaurs

Question 14

Close inspection of the grey clay layer revealed that it had

Answer 14

high concentrations of iridium. rock in tektites and shocked quartz.

Question 15

Iridium

Answer 15

Iridium is a rare element on earth, but it is a common component of meteorites

Question 16

tektites

Answer 16

Tektites are tiny pieces of rock that have been melted and then cooled.

Question 17

shocked quartz

Answer 17

Shocked quartz is a form of the mineral quartz with a unique internal structure that can only be created by exposure to a powerful shockwave, like those created by a nuclear explosion or a meteorite impact.

Question 18

where was the greater found

Answer 18

Chicxulub in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula

Question 19

how was it found

Answer 19

The cenotes were arranged in a crescent shape many miles long. Each end of the crescent seemed to terminate at an edge of the peninsula.The cenotes were caused by a displaced portion of a limestone layer that had been pushed upwards, and that the structure did not actually end at the edges of the peninsula. Instead, it continued along the ocean floor and was actually a huge continuous ring

Question 20

how long after the extinction of the dinosaurs was it when the ice age began

Answer 20

millions of years.

Question 21

A mass volcanic outgassing of carbon dioxide and ash plumes

Answer 21

a suggested as a possible cause of the extinction. This scenario could potentially have affected the global climate enough to have caused the extinction of many kinds of organisms

Question 22

were is there a high volcanic activity record

Answer 22

in the Deccan Traps of India at the end of the Cretaceous.

Question 23

what’s the prevailing theory of Dinos going extinct

Answer 23

a very large meteorite struck the Earth in the Yucatan peninsula

Question 24

what did this meteor cause

Answer 24

• huge tsunamis
• sent a cloud of super heated rock and dust = wildfires
• the heat of rain dust raised temps = cooked animals alive
• debris remained in the atmosphere for years
• haze reduced sunlight = less plants
• broken food chain

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Question 25

which dinosaurs had blood vessels / soft tissue discovered

Answer 25

Late Cretaceous dinosaurs Tyrannosaurus and Brachylophosaurus

Question 26

what did the anapsids include during the permian?

Answer 26

large and small herbivores and some aquatic species.

Question 27

what doesn’t and does playa. role in the extinction of modern species

Answer 27

deliberate hunting doesn’t.

habitat loss and pollution does