matter&nomenclature Flashcards
what is matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
what is an atom
small particles of an element that retains the chemical identity
what is an ion
has a positive or negative charge
molecule
2 or more atoms held by covalent bonds (sharing of electrons)
centrifugation
mixture is spun at high speeds creating a force which pulls heavier solid particles towards the bottom of the container
chromatography
The mixture is applied to a solid support and separated into its components by a solvent which carries the various components up the solid support at different rates
retention factor Rf
more soluble goes higher
crystallization
the mixture is concentrated and cooled until the solid component slowly forms at the bottom of the container
distillation
the mixture is heated until a liquid component reaches its boiling point and is evaporated, leaving the other component behind
electrolysis
A process in which an electric current is applied to a sample decomposing the sample into its component elements
filtration
solid components of the mixture becomes trapped in a screen allowing the liquid component to pass through
floatation
Oil, detergent and some other chemical is added to a mixture air is forced through the mixture as a means of stirring, and the desired component is skimmed off the top
settling
components of a mixture separate into layers on their own
pure substance
cannot be separated physically
unique set of chemical and physics properties
mixture
more than one type of compound present
mechanical mixtures
components that can be separated by mechanical separation
heterogeneous mixture
more than one component
