Fungi

Question 1

Fungi are eukaryotic but differ from plants by:

Answer 1

1) lack chlorophyll- don’t photosynthesize
2) have chitin in the cell walls, while plants have cellulose
3) not truly multicellular like plants
4) heterotrophic (cannot make their own food), while plants are autotrophic (self-feeders)

Question 2

Mycology

Answer 2

study of fungi

Question 3

Life cycles of fungi

Answer 3

growth (vegetative) and reproductive

Question 4

dimorphic

Answer 4

two forms- these organisms take yeast form in the body and a filamentous form when cultivated in the lab- dimorphic fungi are usually pathogenic

Question 5

All fungi except yeast are made up of:

Answer 5

filaments called hyphae- microscopic, very small strands or filaments

Question 6

mass of hyphae

Answer 6

mycelium- large enough to see without a microscope, for instance the mold on bread

Question 7

Septate vs Nonseptate hypha

Answer 7

septae are separations, non are called coenocytic which means many nuclei in a common cytoplasm

Question 8

Heterotrophic

Answer 8

feed using preformed matter, most fungi use extracellular digestion to obtain their nutrients

Question 9

Decomposers

Answer 9

live off dead or decaying organic matter

Question 10

Some fungi are pathogens

Answer 10

they can cause disease - the fungi that are, are opportunistic pathogens

Question 11

Fungal growth is influenced by 3 things:

Answer 11

1) oxygen- most are aerobic except yeast which is either, facultative
2) temperature- grow best at room temperature except for pathogenic which grows best at 37 C
3) pH- grow at pH lower than bacteria (between 5 and 6)- molds can affect foods that bacteria can not affect

Question 12

Psychrophilic

Answer 12

fungi that grow at low temps like 5 C or fridge temperature

Question 13

SAB agar

Answer 13

selected for fungi because low in pH and high in sugar

Question 14

Sporulation

Answer 14

process of forming spores on structures called fruiting bodies, true reproductive structures, produce a new organism

Question 15

Asexual reproduction occurs at

Answer 15

end of hyphae

Question 16

Asexual reproduction spores are all

Answer 16

genetically identical clones

Question 17

sporangiospores

Answer 17

produced in sacs or vessels called sporangiospores

Question 18

conidia

Answer 18

produced on supportive structures called condiosphores- lightweight and enclosed

Question 19

arthrospores

Answer 19

form by fragmentation of the hyphae- hyphae breaks apart and a new hyphae forms

Question 20

blastospores

Answer 20

form by the asexual process of budding- new cell called a blastospore develops from the parent cell

Question 21

heterokaryon

Answer 21

fungal cell that has 2 or more genetically different nuclei

Question 22

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 22

possible evolution of new genetic forms better adapted to the environment than the parent

Question 23

classification of fungi

Answer 23

based on their mode of sexual reproduction- if it’s not a recognized sexual cycle than it’s placed in the mitosporic group