Fungal phylums and diseases

Question 1

Phylum zygomycota

Answer 1

terrestrial- means they live on land
bread mold- molds that grown on spoiled fruit with high sugar content and are acidic
-during sexual reproduction these organisms produce a zygospore- zygospore germinates and releases sporangiospores

Question 2

Phylum ascomycota

Answer 2

also called sac fungi

• 75% of all yeast
• form conidia in asexual reproduction and ascospores through sexual reproduction

Question 3

Phylum basidiomycota

Answer 3

reproduce basidiospores which have basidia in them

Question 4

Mitosporic fungi

Answer 4

• no known sexual stage

- called mitosporic because the asexual spores are product of mitosis

Question 5

Fungal infection of the body

Answer 5

mycosis- generally a long lasting infection that grows slowly

Question 6

superficial

Answer 6

body covering

Question 7

systemic

Answer 7

throughout the body

Question 8

subcutaneous

Answer 8

under skin as with a puncture wound

Question 9

opportunistic

Answer 9

normal flora that can become pathogenic

Question 10

dermatomycoses- superficial

Answer 10

to test for- scrape, put on SAB agar, look for hyphae and spores
cause- trichophyton, microporum, epidermophyton
tinea everything
transmission- direct contact and/or with fomites
symptoms- irritation, edema, inflammation at spreading edge, hair loss
treatment: tinactin, lamisil

Question 11

tinea versicolor- superficial

Answer 11

-malassezia furfur
-trunk infection, uneven and splotchy skin
treatment: ketoconazole- 3 weeks
(celsun blue)

Question 12

histoplasmosis - systemic

Answer 12

-histoplasma capsulatum
-airborne, found in chicken coops, bat droppings
-similar to TB, prevalent in Ohio and Mississippi river valleys, lung lesions
Detection: grown on SAB agar, look for chlamydospores, look for yeast-like cells in tissue

Question 13

North American blastomycosis - systemic

Answer 13

blastomyces dermatitidis
-airborne, dusty soil and bird droppings
can be pulmonary, skin infection, or disseminated (can be fatal)
detection: SAB media, look for yeast cells with a single bud
Treatment: amphotericin B

Question 14

Coccidiomycosis - systemic

San Joaquin fever, desert rheumatism, Valley fever

Answer 14

coccodiodes immitis
transmission- soil to lungs HIGHLY INFECTIOUS
-respiratory problems may spread to spleen and liver
detection: SAB agar, look for arthrospores
treatment: amphotericin B

Question 15

Cryptococcosis - systemic

Answer 15

Cryptococcus neoformans
Transmission- soil, pigeon droppings- to lungs
lungs can cause few symptoms- can get into meninges, headaches, stiff neck, paralysis, death
- capsule stain with India ink
Treatment: amphotericin B

Question 16

sporotrichosis - subcutaneous

Answer 16

sporothrix schenckii
transmission- with plant material, “rose thorn disease”, baling hay
symptoms- pus filled purplish lesion, edema
detection: SAB- spores in clusters on hyphae
Treatment: amphotericin B

Question 17

Candidiasis

Answer 17

candida albicans
transmission- normal flora of skin, mouth, vagina, GI tract
SAB cornmeal agar
treatment- fluconazole, miconazole, diflucan
vulvovaginitis- yeast infection
thrush- milk-like oral growth
perianal- associated with antibiotics or steroids,, yogurt can help
onychia- hardening, browing and distortion of nailbed
systemic infections- urinary infections and endocarditis