8.3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is transcription?
Making RNA from DNA code
What is the central dogma?
DNA to RNA to protein.
What are the base pairing rules for RNA?
C-G, A-U.
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA has U and DNA has T. DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded. DNA has deoxyribose and RNA has Ribose.
What are the similarities between DNA and RNA?
Made of nucleotides. Phosphate, sugar, base.
What are the parts of a eukaryotic gene?
Enhancer, promoter, exons, introns.
What is the enhancer?
Additional binding site for transcription factors.
What is the promoter?
Start site of transcription.
What are the exons?
Sequences that will be present in the mRNA.
What are the introns?
Will be spliced out and removed
What are the stages of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination.
What happens in initiation?
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and the DNA unwinds.
What happens in elongation?
RNA moves along the DNA strand.
What happens in termination?
RNA molecule is released from the RNA polymerase.
What happens during the splicing process?
Exons are kept and introns are cut out.
What happens during alternative splicing?
Splicing but some exons are skipped in the process.
What does the spliceasome do?
Splices introns out of a pre-RNA molecule.
What does the poly A Polymerase do?
Adds the poly A tail to the 3’ end of the new RNA molecule.
What do the general transcription factors do?
Binds to promoter to initiate transcription.
What does the 5’ capping enzyme do?
Adds protective 5’ cap to the 5’ end of the new RNA molecule.
What does RNA polymerase do?
Matches complementary RNA nucleotides to template DNA strand.
What is the transcribed DNA strand?
Template strand.
What is the untranscribed DNA strand?
Coding strand.
What is the main enzyme?
RNA polymerase
