8.4 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is a codon?
Sequence of 3 nucleotides which form genetic code in RNA.
What is an anticodon?
3 nucleotides in tRNA which correspond with the codons.
What is translation?
Process of turning mRNA into protein.
What is the start codon?
The codon that starts the process, AUG or Met.
What is the stop codon?
The codons that stop the process, UAA, UGA, UAG.
What is a positive transcription factor?
Protein that activates transcription.
What is a negative transcription factor?
Proteins that prevent transcription.
What is affinity?
The strength of attraction between 2 substances.
What is mutation?
A change in a DNA sequence.
What is the role of mRNA in translation?
To carry information from DNA to the cytoplasm.
What is the role of tRNA is translation?
Carries amino acids to build protein.
What is the role of rRNA is translation?
Helps translate mRNA into protein.
What are the types of mutations?
Point and frame shift.
What is gene regulation?
Controlling what genes are expressed.
How is protein production affected by a positive transcription factor?
More proteins are produced.
How is protein production affected by a negative transcription factor?
Less proteins are produced.
How is protein affected by affinity strength?
A higher affinity of positive transcription factors makes more proteins and a lower affinity of negative transcription factors.
What does point mutation result in?
Silent, missense, nonsense.
What does frameshift mutation result in?
Deletion, insertion.
What is silent mutation?
A base pair is changed but not the amino acid.
What is missense mutation?
The amino acid is changed.
What is nonsense mutation?
The amino acid is changed to a stop.
What is deletion?
A base pair is removed.
What is insertion?
A base pair is added.
