8.3 - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA Flashcards
(10 cards)
1
Q
what are chromatids made up of? what happens to the ends of chromatids within chromosomes?
A
- a series of genes
- the ends are sealed with telomeres (protective structures)
2
Q
What’s unique about sister chromatids?
A
genetically identical
3
Q
What make up the double structure of a chromosome??
A
- 2 chromatids
- known as sister chromatids
4
Q
What is chromatin?
A
the tightly coiled combination of DNA - chromosomes are made out of chromatin
5
Q
what is the role of histones and proteins within DNA?
A
- organises and condenses the DNA tightly so that it fits within the nucleus
- other proteins are enzymes which copy and repair the DNA
6
Q
What are chromosomes?
A
- one very long, condensed DNA molecule
- associated with histones
7
Q
What is DNA within prokaryotic cells associated with?
A
NOT associated with any proteins such as histones
8
Q
What are plasmids useful for?
A
- contain proteins required for gene expression and contain genes that are required often such as emergencies
- antibiotic resistance genes are often found here
9
Q
What does DNA in prokaryotes usually contain?
A
- one or more plasmids
- small circular DNA molecules
- contain a few genes
10
Q
Structure of DNA in prokaryotes
A
- Double stranded DNA
- a single, circular chromosomal DNA molecule
- nucleoid
