8.3 solid domestic waste Flashcards
1
Q
solid domestic waste (SDW)
A
- everyday items that we discard
2
Q
waste disposal methods
A
- landfills
- incineration
- recycling
- composting
3
Q
linear economy
A
- make products last a brief time
- thrown into landfills, useless
- waste of resources, energy and money
- damaging to the environment
4
Q
circular economy
A
- goods designed so that material re enters the system
- partially done with recycling, however not intended to be reused
5
Q
circular economy flows
A
- biological nutrients, re enter the biosphere harmlessly
- technical nutrients, circulate without re entering the biosphere, reused over and over
6
Q
non biodegradable waste
A
- won’t breakdown into simpler components
- batteries, plasti, e-waste
7
Q
plastic
A
- in almost everything we use
- majority of plastic can be recycled
- plastic made from finite resource, recycling important
8
Q
landfill
A
- hole where waste materials are buried
- lined with clay/synthetic fiber membrane, avoid leaching
- small dump site
- compacted to reduce volume
- covered in soil to prevent lighter waste blown around, contains smell
9
Q
advantages of landfills
A
- cheap method of waste disposal
- methane can be collected for energy schemes
- creates jobs
- old sites can be landscaped and used for building projects
- close to humans, reduces cost of transporting waste
10
Q
disadvantages of landfills
A
- dangerous gasses, air pollution
- explosion if methane builds up
- linings can fail and toxins can leach into environment and groundwater sources
- takes long time to settle fully for future use
- close to populations are full, travel for alternatives
- lifespan of landfills limited
- poorly managed can cause rats and flies, spread of diseases, dust, odor, visual and noise pollution
- impact local property prices in the area
- heavy vehicles, damage to roads
- marine debris, blows off poorly managed sites
11
Q
incineration
A
- combustion of waste
waste material transformed into
- ash, left after burn
- flue gas, pollutants, particulate matter
- heat, generate electricity,
12
Q
advantages of incineration
A
- reduces volume of waste by 80-85%
- useful for clinical/hazardous waste, destroys pathogens at high temperatures
- generates local heating
- emissions reduced with new technology
- can generate electricity
- avoids methane emissions from landfills
- bottom ash can be recycled in concrete
- filters remove particulates from flue gases
- retrieve metal from ashes to be recycled
- landfill space is running out
13
Q
disadvantages of incineration
A
- toxic fly ash difficult to dispose of safely
- emit toxic heavy metals
- new incinerators taking funding from renewable energy research and development
- old incinerators emit carcinogenic gases
- causes property devaluation to surrounding areas
- banned to recycle as concrete in some areas due to safety
- filters don’t remove finer particles from air emissions
- many LEDC’s make a living going through landfills, taking away livelihood
- high costs to set up
14
Q
3Rs
A
- reduce, amount of waste produced in the first place
- reuse, an item multiple times, original or another purpose
- recycle, transforming the raw material for a new object
15
Q
recycling pros and cons
A
pros
- prevents the loss of useful raw materials
- reduces consumption of new raw materials
- reduces energy usage in some areas
- reduces pollution, getting new raw materials out of the ground
- lowers the release of greenhouse gasses
cons
- difficult
- expensive
