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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > From OQ > Flashcards

From OQ Flashcards

1
Q

diffusion described as

A

movement of particles down an concentration gradient due to internal kinetic energy

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2
Q

any process that moves substances out of the cell

A

exocytosis

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3
Q

difference in charges across a barrier is called

A

polarity

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4
Q

a measure of potential difference caused by a polarity

A

voltage

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5
Q

movement of electrons is called

A

electrical current

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6
Q

the intracellular fluid, when compared to the extracellular fluid, has

A

a slightly negative charge

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7
Q

the extracecllular fluid is slightly more positive because

A

of Na

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8
Q

Name the transmembranous protein that maintains the electromagnetic gradient

A

Na-K pump

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9
Q

What makes cholesterol in the liver and absorbs fat in the intestine

A

SER

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10
Q

ions responsible for resting membrane potential

A

Na and K

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11
Q

the difference in charges across a barrier is called

A

polarity

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12
Q

Cell structure that is made of microtubules and fibrous proteins

A

cytoskeleton

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13
Q

what cell structure develops the mitotic spindle fibers

A

centrioles

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14
Q

these are involved in cellular recognition, help ID the self from the non-self

A

glycoproteins

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15
Q

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is called

A

osmosis

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16
Q

Fluid pressure is called

A

Hydrostatic pressure

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17
Q

what do cells do to move water?

A

pump ions places, and let the water follow

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18
Q

the intracellular fluid when compared to the extracellular fluid has…

A

more potassium (K)

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19
Q

in the cell, glucose is typically transported via ___

A

facilitated diffusion

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20
Q

___ are extension of the membrane that can move particles past the cell

A

Cilia

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21
Q

Which nitrogenous base is not in RNA

A

Thymine

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22
Q

transcription involves the synthesis of ___ complementary to the ____

A

synthesis of a strand of mRNA, complementary to a strand of DNA

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23
Q

where is mRNA synthesized?

A

nucleolus

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24
Q

Nucleolus vs nucleus

A

Nucleolus: portions of chromosomes that contain DNA and protein

Nucleus: bigger structure that houses the genetic material and directs cellular functions. (nucleolus is inside the nucleus)

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25
Q

Translation occurs in the…

A

ribosomes

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26
Q

what brings the correct AA to where translation happens?

A

mRNA

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27
Q

The stage in the cell cycle where the cell performs most of its assigned function

A

G1

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28
Q

Which of these is not a characteristic of cancer cells:

  • surface inhibition
  • metastatic
  • malignant
A

surface inhibition

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29
Q

a sequence of nucleotides on a strand of DNA that codes for a single AA is called…

A

A codon

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30
Q

A sequence of nucleotides on a strand of DNA that codes for a single polypeptide is called…

A

a gene

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31
Q

genetic material is found in…

A

the nucleus

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32
Q

Characteristics of the nuclear envelope (3)

A
  • it contains pores
  • the outer layer is continuous with the RER
  • it consist of two lipid bilayers
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33
Q

Which of these is true of chomatin

  • its found within the nucleus
  • it consists of double standed DNA molecules and histone proteins
  • it condenses into chromosomes before mitosis
A

All true

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34
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Cytoplasm

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35
Q

notable purines

A

adenine and guanine

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36
Q

notable pyrimidines

A

cytosine and thymine

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37
Q

DNA triplet codes are called

A

codons

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38
Q

a codon tells the organelles which…

A

AA is next in a polypeptide

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39
Q

the process by which DNA manufactures a complementary strand of RNA is called…

A

transcription

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40
Q

transcription takes place in…

A

the nucleus

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41
Q

long chains of amino acids make…

A

proteins

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42
Q

AA are linked into a strand via ___ bonds

A

peptide bonds

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43
Q

tissue type that lines cavities, absorbs, and secretes

A

epithelial tissue

44
Q

extensions of the plasma membrane of epithelial cells found in the lungs

A

cilia

45
Q

special epithelium found in the cardiovascular system

A

endothelium

46
Q

epithelium forming the serous membranes

A

mesothelium

47
Q

epithelium designed for secretion is called

A

glandular epithelium

48
Q

epithelial layer in contact with the lumen is called the

A

apical layer

49
Q

epithelial layer in contact with the underlying tissue is called the

A

basal layer

50
Q

acellular membrane that adheres the epithelial layer to the underlying tissues

A

basement membrane

51
Q

tissue type that causes movement

A

muscle

52
Q

tissue type that is avascular

A

epithelial

53
Q

tissue type that is characterized by a distinct matrix

A

connective

54
Q

tissue that supports and protects

A

connective

55
Q

alveolar tissue is what type of tissue

A

loose connective tissue

56
Q

adipose is what type of tissue

A

loose connective

57
Q

which connective tissue is fibrous

A

dense connective tissue

58
Q

which connective tissue has reticular fibers

A

loose connective tissue

59
Q

glands have which kind of tissue

A

simple cubioidal

60
Q

a diffusion surface has what kind of tissue

A

simple squamosal

61
Q

cartilage cells are called

A

chondrocytes

62
Q

areolar cells called

A

fibroblasts

63
Q

sheets of tightly-packed cells that surround a lumen make up…

A

epithelial tissue

64
Q

dispersed cells in a thick extracellular matrix describes which tissue

A

connective

65
Q

tissue that contains myofilaments

A

muscle

66
Q

___ is a contractile protein

A

myosin

67
Q

Name (3) characteristics of all connective tissues

A
  • highly dispersed cells
  • matrix with fibrous proteins
  • ground substance
68
Q

intercalated discs are found where?

A

cardiac muscle

69
Q

the matrix of hyaline cartilage is mostly made of

A

-???

calcium salts

70
Q

a gland cell is destroyed when it secretes, it is considered which type of secretion?

A

holocrine

71
Q

glands that secrete their contents via a duct are doing what type of secretion?

A

apocrine

72
Q

ligaments attach bone to ___

A

bone

73
Q

aponeuroses attach __ to __

A

muscle to muscle

74
Q

cavity that directly surrounds the heart

A

pericardial

75
Q

serous membrane containing the abdominal organs

A

peritoneum

76
Q

serous membrane containing the lungs

A

pleura

77
Q

the pleura and pericardium are found within the ___ cavity

A

thoracic

78
Q

___ epithelial membranes end in ___

A

-ous

example: cutaneous
which is the epith membrane that makes up the integument

79
Q

the lumen of most cavities are surrounded by a wet surface formed by a ___ membrane

A

mucous membrane

80
Q

mucous membranes have a thick underlying layer of loose connective tissue called…

A

lamina propria

81
Q

tissue that forms skeleton of the larynx

A

hyaline cartilage

82
Q

tissue that forms the meniscus of the knee

A

fibrocartilage

83
Q

a step in the formation of intermembranous bone

A

woven bone

84
Q

what type of cartilage forms the epiglottis?

A

elastic cartilage

85
Q

blood formation happens in this tissue

A

spongy bone

86
Q

organized osteons are characteristic of what type of bone?

A

compact bone

87
Q

appositional growth occurs here

A

periosteum

88
Q

the first step in long bone development is

A

formation of bone collar

89
Q

characteristics of the ossification of the epiphysis of long bone

A

secondary ossification centers

90
Q

growth of long bone at the epiphyseal plate is called

A

interstitial

91
Q

calcitonin fn

A

increase calcium salkt deposition in long bones

92
Q

fx where only one side of the bone shft is broken

A

greenstick

93
Q

kyphosis def

A

curvature of the spine that causes hunchback

94
Q

the passageway for blood vessels and nerves into the facial region

A

foramen lucerum

95
Q

a herniated disk is a rupture in the

A

annulus fibrosis

96
Q

joint that hold teeth in socket called

A

gomphoses

97
Q

synchondroses

A

cartilaginous joints (usually hyaline of fribrocartilage) that eventually are filled by ossification

98
Q

slightly movable joints are called

A

amphiarthoses

99
Q

joints that unite bone with cartilage but don’t have joint cavity

A

synchondroses and symphyses

100
Q

freely movable joints are called

A

diarthroses

101
Q

a lubricating sac of synovial fluid that protects a tendon

A

bursae

102
Q

two flat bones are interlocked with a thin piece of fibrous connective tissue are

A

sutures

103
Q

___ type of bones are joined by ligaments

A

syndesmoses (slightly movable)

ie tibia/fibula

104
Q

the 4 types of joints (movement types)

A
  • plane (between wrist bones)
  • hinge (elbow)
  • pivot (axis and atlas)
  • ball-n-socket (acetabulum)
105
Q

name the structure that connects muscle to bone

A

tendon

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (13 decks)

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