Hypothalamic Control of the Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

What six hormones act on the anterior pituitary?

A
Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) 
Somatostatin
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
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2
Q

List the effects of each of the hypothalamic hormones when they come into contact with the pituitary.

A

Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
Stimulates release of TSH

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Stimulates release of ACTH

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Stimulates release of LH and FSH

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Stimulates release of GH

Somatostatin
Inhibits release of GH

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Stimulates decreased release of prolactin

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3
Q

Describe how prolactin hormone works.

A

It binds to a cytokine receptor in the anterior pituitary that activates Janus kinase, a kinase that phosphorylates tyrosine residues.

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4
Q

Prolactin ultimately activates JAK-STATs. What are those?

A

Janus kinases – signal transducers and activators of transcription

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5
Q

Why are prolactin receptors called cytokine receptors?

A

Because cytokine receptors also work via JAK-STATs

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6
Q

Prolactin causes what in the mammary glands?

A

Mammogenesis
Lactogenesis
Galactopoiesis

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7
Q

What symptoms are indicative of hyperprolactinemia?

A

Galactorrhea
Amenorrhea
Loss of libido (because excess prolactin causes decreased release of GnRH by the hypothalamus)

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8
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Hemorrhagic destruction of the pituitary resulting in hypoprolactinemia

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9
Q

What kind of G protein do CRH and GHRH bind to?

A

Gs

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10
Q

ACTH is a derivative of ___________.

A

POMC

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