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ABCP > Male and Female Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Male and Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What surrounds the testes?

A

Dense fibrous CT - tucina albugina

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2
Q

What is the order from seminifernous tubules to epididymis?

A

Seminfernous tubules - straight tubules - 20 efferent ductules - epididymis

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3
Q

What is a seminiferous tubule?

A

Site of spermogenesis

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4
Q

What are the different germ cells from outermost to innermost?

A

Spermatogonia - primary spermatocytes- secondary spermatocytes- spermatids- spermatoza

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5
Q

What are serotili cells?

A

Line seminiferous tubules and support and nourish developing germ cells

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6
Q

What is the name of the cells in surrounding CT of seminferous tubules that produce testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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7
Q

What is the role of sertoli cells?

A

Maintence of blood-testis barrier
provides nutrition and chemical stimulation for spermatogenesis
Germ cells sit in invaginations of serotli cell cytoplasm

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8
Q

What happens to spermatozoons once leaving the seminiferous tubules?

A

Still functionally immature and incapable of coordinated locomotion or fertilisation

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9
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A tubules 7m in length; highly coiled and twisted

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10
Q

What lines the epididymis?

A

Pseudostratified colunar epithelium with stereocilia

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11
Q

What are the functions of the epididymis?

A

Stores spermatozoa and faciliates their maturation
Recycling centre for damaged sperm
Monitor and adjust composition of tubular fluid

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12
Q

What are the ductus deferens?

A

Ascend into abdominopelvic cavity through the spermatic cord**??

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13
Q

What lines the ductus deferens?

A

Columnar epithelium with sterocilia

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14
Q

What is the wall of the ductus deferens composed of?

A

Thick smooth muscle

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15
Q

What causes ejactulation?

A

Contraction of wall muscles in ductus deferens move spermatozoa from the epididymis to urethra during ejactulation

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16
Q

What are the three glands of the male reproductive system and label them on a diagram?

A

prostate
Seminal vesicle
Bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland

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17
Q

How much semen comes from the tubules and epididymis?

A

5%

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18
Q

What is the prostate?

A

Small muscular organ; encircles prostatic urethra

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19
Q

What does the prostate prodcue?

A

Weakly acidic thin, milky fluid

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20
Q

What do the seminal vesicles produce?

A

High levels of fructose that sperm convert to ATP

21
Q

What do the flagella in the seminal vesicles do?

A

begin to beat becoming motile

22
Q

What does the duct from the seminal vesicles and vas deferens form?

A

Ejactulatory duct which joins prostatic urethra

23
Q

What is the role of the cowpers glands?

A

Empties into the penile urethra

Secrete thick alkaline mucus to provide lubrication for the glans penis and helps neutralise acids within the urethra

24
Q

What are the two regions of the ovary?

A

Medulla and cortex

25
Q

What is the outer layer of the ovary made of and what is the name given to it?

A

Dense CT

Tucina albuginea

26
Q

What happens in the cortex of the ovary?

A

Oocyte and follicular development occurs and secretes hormones

27
Q

What is the medulla made up of?

A

Loose CT with blood vessels from hilum

28
Q

Where does the production of the female gametes and how often does it occur?

A

Ovarian follicle and once a month (ovarian cycle)

29
Q

What is the process where the oocytes that degenerate by puberty?

A

Atresia

30
Q

How many oocytes are liberated for fertilisation?

A

450

31
Q

What is a primordial follicle?

A

Primary oocyte surrounded by a simple squamous layer of follicular cells

32
Q

What triggers primordial follicles to undergo development to become primary follicles?

A

Rising levels of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) stimulates the primordial cells

33
Q

What is a primary follicle?

A

A primary oocyte and several layers of granulosa cells and zone pellucida

34
Q

What is the role of follicular cells?

A

Provides nutrition to the oocyte

35
Q

What structural changes happens to the primary follicles for them to become secondary follicles?

A

follicular wall thickens and cells begin to secrete small amounts of fluid which is present in the follicular antrum

36
Q

How many secondary follicles are present after the first 8-10 days of the ovarian cycle?

A

1

37
Q

Where do theca cells come from and what are the two types?

A

Derived from fibroblasts
Theca interna
Theca externa

38
Q

What is a graafian follicle and when does it develop?

A

tertiary follicle and develops at day 10-14

39
Q

What does the graafian follicle do?

A

Stretches the ovarian wall - creating a prominent bulge on the surface of the ovary

40
Q

How does the primary oocyte become a secondary oocyte?

A

The oocyte surrounded by corona radiata -CR projects into the expanded central chamber surrounded by the fluid- filled antrum

41
Q

What happens during ovulation?

A

Follicular wall ruptures, oocyte complexed released

42
Q

How is the uterine wall prepared for pregnancy?

A

Cells proliferate to form a short - lived endocrine structure called the corpus luteum - synthesis progesterone

43
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

pale scar tissue produced when when fibroblasts invade the corpus luteum

44
Q

What are the fallopian tubes?

A

Highly folded mucosa lined within ciliated columnar epithelium- site of fertilisation
surrounded by layers of smooth muscle

45
Q

What is the role of the fallopian tubes?

A

secretes lipids and glycogen to nurture the oocyte

46
Q

What is the myomentrium?

A

3 indistinct layers of smooth muscle

47
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Glandular muscosa consisting of tubular glands CT stroma and highly vascular

48
Q

What are the three phases of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative
Secretory
Menstrual

ABCP (28 decks)

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