Oxygen and Ventilator Management

Question 1

What are the indications for intubation and mechanical ventilation?

Answer 1

Oxygenation abnormalities
Ventilation abnormalities
Loss of ventilatory drive
Altered mental status
CHEST TRAUMA
Hemodynamic INSTABILITY
Controlled hyperventilation

Question 2

What are the possible consequences of mechanical ventilation?

Answer 2

Orolaryngeal damage
Inc. Intrathoracic pressure (dec. C.O)
Increased shunting
Air trapping
Nosocomial infxn (vent acquired pneumonia)
Pneumothorax / Barotrauma (ALVEOLAR RUPTURE)
Decreased renal blood flow
Bronchospasm

Question 3

What are some of the causes of Hypoxemic respiratory failure?

Answer 3

V/Q mismatch
Shunting
Hypoventilation 
Diffusion abnormalities
Decreased FiO2

Question 4

Dead space is considered to be present if what criteria is met?

Answer 4

V/Q is >1.0
(Air is present but no blood; decreased cap perfusion)

Decreased PaO2 and Increased PaCO2

Question 5

Impaired perfusion occurs when…

Answer 5

There is blood passing through capillaries into alveoli and exchanged; but no ventilation occurs because no AIR

V/Q ratio <1.0
Shunting will result at V/Q = 0