Diabetes

Question 1

T1DM PRIMARY DEFECT

Answer 1

destruction of pancreatic beta cells due to autoimmune process

Question 2

T2DM primary defect

Answer 2

Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion

Question 3

Insulin lispro

Answer 3

analog of human insulin
Rapid onset (10 to 20 min)
Short duration (3 to 5 hr)
Admin immediately before eating or even after eating

Question 4

Insulin glulisine

Answer 4

Synthetic analog of natural human insulin
Rapid onset (10 to 15 min)
Short duration (3 to 5 hr)
Should be administered close to the time of eating

Question 5

Regular insulin

Answer 5

Unmodified human insulinFour approved routes: SubQ injection, subQ infusion, intramuscular (IM) injection (used rarely), and oral inhalation (approved but not currently used) 
Effects begin in 30 to 60 minutes
Peak in 1 to 5 hours
Duration up to 10 hours
Clear solution

Question 6

Nph

Answer 6

Drug is injected twice or three times daily to provide glycemic control between meals and during the night
NPH insulin is the only one suitable for mixing with short-acting insulins
sAllergic reactions are possible
NPH insulins are cloudy suspensions that must be agitated before administration
NPH insulins are administered by subQ injection onl

Question 7

Insulin glargine

Answer 7

]Modified human insulin
Prolonged duration of action (up to 24 hr)
Once-daily subQ dosing to treat adults and children with type 1 diabetes and adults with type 2 diabetes
Clear solution

Question 8

Insulin detemir

Answer 8

Human insulin analog
Slow onset and dose-dependent duration of action
Used to provide basal glycemic control
Clear, colorless solution
Dosing: Once or twice daily by subQ injection
Do not mix with other insulins
Must not be given IV