Exam Revision

Question 1

Pattern Recognition Receptor(s):

Select one:

a. Are cell surface membrane proteins that recognise Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) shared by pathogens
b. Are generated by recombination of V, D and J gene segments during lymphocyte development
c. Recognise pathogens non-specifically
d. Signalling leads to increased phagocytosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, activation of the vascular epithelium and increased co-stimulatory activity by antigen presenting cells

Answer 1

Pattern Recognition Receptor(s):

Select one:

a. Are cell surface membrane proteins that recognise Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) shared by pathogens
b. Are generated by recombination of V, D and J gene segments during lymphocyte development
c. Recognise pathogens non-specifically

d. Signalling leads to increased phagocytosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, activation of the vascular epithelium and increased co-stimulatory activity by antigen presenting cells

Question 2

Rabies virus travels to the brain by:

Select one:

a. Anterograde axonal transport along microtubules in neurons.
b. Retrograde axonal transport along actin filaments in neurons.
c. Anterograde axonal transport along actin filaments in neurons.
d. Retrograde axonal transport along microtubules in neurons.

Answer 2

Rabies virus travels to the brain by:

Select one:

a. Anterograde axonal transport along microtubules in neurons.
b. Retrograde axonal transport along actin filaments in neurons.
c. Anterograde axonal transport along actin filaments in neurons.

d. Retrograde axonal transport along microtubules in neurons.

Question 3

The human complement system can lead to direct lysis of extracellular microbes by:

Select one:

a. release of the C5a anaphylatoxin
b. degranulation of mast cells
c. formation of the membrane attack complex
d. production of the C3 convertase complexes in serum

Answer 3

The human complement system can lead to direct lysis of extracellular microbes by:

Select one:

a. release of the C5a anaphylatoxin
b. degranulation of mast cells

c. formation of the membrane attack complex

d. production of the C3 convertase complexes in serum

Question 4

A pharmaceutical company has identified a hit candidate for a possible new drug to treat malaria. It is a small organic molecule that can kill malaria parasites in the laboratory with moderate efficacy. Once anti-malarial potency is improved, the aim of the drug design cycle would change to:

Select one:

a. pre-clinical development
b. drug-like properties
c. Phase trials
d. hit-to-lead development

Answer 4

A pharmaceutical company has identified a hit candidate for a possible new drug to treat malaria. It is a small organic molecule that can kill malaria parasites in the laboratory with moderate efficacy. Once anti-malarial potency is improved, the aim of the drug design cycle would change to:

Select one:

a. pre-clinical development

b. drug-like properties

c. Phase trials
d. hit-to-lead development

Question 5

A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is best described as a chemical treatment that:

Select one:

a. is a bacteriostatic treatment
b. slows the doubling time of Staphylococcus aureus
c. is effective as an antibacterial against Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis
d. is able to be used safely in infections for both humans and animals

Answer 5

A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is best described as a chemical treatment that:

Select one:

a. is a bacteriostatic treatment
b. slows the doubling time of Staphylococcus aureus

c. is effective as an antibacterial against Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis

d. is able to be used safely in infections for both humans and animals

Question 6

During a typical rabies virus infection:

Select one:

a. the rabies virus must encode and package its own ribosomes
b. the P-protein is required for immune evasion and replication
c. replication occurs in the cytoplasm and nucleus
d. rabies virus particles traffic along axons via actin filaments

Answer 6

During a typical rabies virus infection:

Select one:

a. the rabies virus must encode and package its own ribosomes

b. the P-protein is required for immune evasion and replication

c. replication occurs in the cytoplasm and nucleus
d. rabies virus particles traffic along axons via actin filaments

Question 7

Which one of these tests would be used to confirm that the bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus?

Select one:

a. Gram stain
b. Growth on HBA
c. Bactistaph
d. Catalase

Answer 7

Which one of these tests would be used to confirm that the bacterium is Staphylococcus aureus?

Select one:

a. Gram stain
b. Growth on HBA

c. Bactistaph

d. Catalase

Question 8

Both bacteria and fungi produce multiple spores from each cell

Select one:

True

False

Answer 8

Both bacteria and fungi produce multiple spores from each cell

Select one:

True

False

Bacteria only produce one spore where as fungi produce multiple spores​

Question 9

Prions are proteins that cause microbial diseases

Select one:

True

False

Answer 9

Prions are proteins that cause microbial diseases

Select one:

True

False

Question 10

Viruses cannot grow outside their host cells.

Select one:

True

False

Answer 10

Viruses cannot grow outside their host cells.

Select one:

True

False

Question 11

Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors often induce bacterial lysis, while protein synthesis inhibitors do not. Beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillin, cefoxitin) cause bacterial lysis because:

Select one:

a. They disrupt cell wall biosynthesis
b. They block the ribosomal exit tunnel
c. They induce DNA breaks
d. They induce the synthesis of aberrant proteins

Answer 11

Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors often induce bacterial lysis, while protein synthesis inhibitors do not. Beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillin, cefoxitin) cause bacterial lysis because:

Select one:

a. They disrupt cell wall biosynthesis

b. They block the ribosomal exit tunnel
c. They induce DNA breaks
d. They induce the synthesis of aberrant proteins