Histology of Neural Tissue Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of the nervous system?
- Gathers information from both the environment and inside the body
- Transmits the information to the processing area of the brain and spinal cord
- Processes the information to determine the best response.
- Sends information to effector tissue (muscle, glands and organs) so they can correctly respond.
What are the two cells of the nervous system and explain both?
- Neurons - signalling elements of the nervous system
2. Gilia - function as support and insulation
What are the 4 glia cells and give details on each?
Astroglia: blood-brain barrier, support function
Microglia: Immune cells of the brain
Oligodendrocytes: Forms myelin
Schwann cell: Forms myelin
What are the different types of neurons?
Multipolar - many processes that extend from the cell body
Pseudounipolar - no dendrite, one axon extending towards spinal cord
Bipolar - two processes extending from cell body
What is the anatomy of the neuron?
Dendrites (connect with axons from other neurons)
Cell body (contains nucleus and most of cells organelles)
Axon (responsible for transmitting information from the neurone to other cells)
Synapses (junctions between two neurons)
Where are proteins synthesised in neurons?
In the cell body where there is lots of rough ER
What affects the speed of conduction in a neuron?
- Insulation of the axon as to reduce of currents
- Diameter of neuron
- Temperature
What is the internode?
The distance between two nodes
What is the difference between the CNS and the PNS function?
CNS = integrates input and coordinate output PNS = transmits information from sensors
What is the meaning of the word ventral and dorsal?
Ventral - towards the belly
Dorsal - towards the back
Why is white matter that colour?
Lipid - rich
What are the differences between nerves and ganglia?
Nerves:
- conducts the signal
- collection of only axons with no cell bodies
- Schwann cells myelin sheets
- fibroblasts and blood vessels
Ganglia:
- integration of signals
- cell bodies of neurons
- synapses (not in sensory ganglia)
- satellite cells
- fibroblasts & blood vessels
What is a dorsal root ganglia? What is contained within them?
A cluster of neurons in the spinal nerve. Cell bodies of sensory nerves are here.
What do the somatic and autonomic nervous system control?
Somatic - receives signal from heat, pain, touch receptors and controls voluntary muscles
Autonomic - controls involuntary muscle (smooth, cardiac, secretory glands in gut)
Where do ganglia in the brain connect the PNS with?
the face
