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MicroBio - Parasitology > Cestodes (tapeworm) > Flashcards

Cestodes (tapeworm) Flashcards

1
Q

Multicellular organisms, elongated and bilaterally symmetric

A

Helminths Characteristics

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2
Q

Tegument

A

Protective covering or cuticle (smooth rigid, spines or tubercles)

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3
Q

Protective covering or cuticle (smooth rigid, spines or tubercles)

A

Tegument

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4
Q

Attachment structures

A

Hookers, sucker, teeth, plates

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5
Q

Primitive nervous and excretory systems
Alimentary canal in some
No circulatory system

A

Helminths characteristics

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6
Q

Cestodes…AKA…

A

Tapeworms

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7
Q

Segments called ___ form the body

A

Proglottids

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8
Q

chain of proglittids

A

Strobila

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9
Q

(head)- differ in number and placement of suckers and presence or absence of hooklets

A

Scolex

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10
Q

pointed end of scolex that has points of attachments (suckers, hooklets, etc.)

A

Rostellum

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11
Q

Hermaphroditic

Lack digestive systems

Nutrition absorbed through body walls

A

Cestodes

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12
Q

six-hooked larval form released when egg hatches

A

Oncosphere

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13
Q

Most eggs are nonoperculated and contain hexacanth embryo (six-hooked)

A

Cestode eggs

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14
Q

Taenia Saginata

A

Beef tapeworm

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15
Q

Oncospheres develp into ____ in muscle

A

Cysticerci

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16
Q

T. saginata vs T. solium which is bigger

A

T. Saginata (beef)

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17
Q

___ ___ persists in the U.S through the consumption of rare steak.

A

Taenia saginata

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18
Q

___ ___ is more prevalent in poorer communities where humans live in close contact with pigs and eat undercooked pork.

A

Taenia Solium

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19
Q

___ ___ is limited to Asia and is seen mostly in the Republic of Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand.

A

Taenia asiatica

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20
Q

Mild abdominal symptoms

Most striking feature consists of the passage (active and passive) of proglottids

Occasionally, appendicitis or cholangitis can result from migrating proglottids.

A

Taenia Saginata taeniasis

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21
Q

Less frequently symptomatic than Taenia saginata taeniasis.

Main symptom is the passage (passive) of proglottids.

Most important feature of ___ ___ ___ is the risk of development of cysticercosis.

A

Taenia Solium taeniasis

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22
Q

Microscopic identification of eggs and proglottids in feces is diagnostic for taeniasis, but is not possible during the first 3 months following infection, prior to development of adult tapeworms.

A

TAenia Saginata

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23
Q

Repeated examination and concentration techniques will increase the likelihood of detecting light infections. Nevertheless, identification of Taenia sp. is not possible if solely based on microscopic examination of eggs.

A

Taenia Saginata

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24
Q

Most important feature of Taenia solium taeniasis is the risk of development of _____

A

Cysticercosis.

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25
Q

Four, muscular cup-shaped suckers

No crown of hooklets on rostellum

A

Taenia Saginata

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26
Q

Tapeworm acquired through eating larvae in under cooked beef.

Adults in small intestine.

A

T. Saginata

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27
Q

Scolex has 4 suckers and no hooks.

A

Taenia saginata

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28
Q

Gravid proglottid is longer than wide and has 15-30 lateral uterine branches.

A

Taenia saginata

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29
Q

Symptoms: rare with vague abdominal discomfort or indigestion.

A

Taenia saginata

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30
Q

infection of both humans and pigs with larval stages of Taenia solium

A

T. Solium

Cysticercosis

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31
Q

T. solium:

Humans are infected either by ingestion of food contaminated with feces, or by ____

A

Autoinfection

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32
Q

in _____ a human infected with adult T. solium can ingest eggs produced by that tapeworm, either through fecal contamination or, possibly, from proglottids carried into the stomach by reverse peristalsis

A

Autoinfection

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33
Q

T. solium:

Extracerebral cysticercosis can cause ____, cardiac, or spinal lesions with associated symptoms

A

Ocular

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34
Q

T. Solium:
Of greatest concern is cerebral cysticercosis (or neurocysticercosis), which can cause diverse manifestations including ____, mental disturbances, focal neurologic deficits, and signs of space-occupying intracerebral lesions. Death can occur suddenly

A

Seizures

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35
Q

Demonstration of Taenia solium eggs and proglottids in the feces diagnoses ____ and not cysticercosis.

A

Taeniasis

36
Q

Scolex
Four, muscular cup-shaped suckers
Crown of hooklets

A

Taenia solium

37
Q

Persons who are found to have eggs or proglottids in their feces should be evaluated serologically since autoinfection, resulting in ____, can occur.

A

Cysticercosis

38
Q

Count the number of primary uterine branches to determine the species

__ __: 7-13

A

T. Solium

39
Q

Presence of ____:
Appearance of calcified cysticerci in soft-tissue x-rays
Surgical removal of subcutaneous nodules
Cysts in eye
CNS lesions can be detected with CT (computed tomography)

A

Cysticerci

40
Q

Acquire the adult tapeworm in the small intestine by eating undercooked pork (taeniasis).

A

T. Solium

41
Q

Acquire the larvae by eating tapeworm eggs (cysticercosis).

A

T. Solium

42
Q

Scolex has 4 suckers and hooks.

A

T. Solium

43
Q

Gravid proglottids are longer than wide and have less than 14 uterine branches.

A

T. Solium

44
Q

Symptoms: mild with possible epigastric fullness. Cysticercosis symptoms vary by tissue, but 60% encyst in the brain, 3% in the eye for more noticeable visual symptoms and seizures. Calcified cysts may be seen in x-rays or scans

A

T. Solium

45
Q

Distribution is worldwide in pork eating countries.

A

T. Solium

46
Q

“Fish” or “Broad tapeworm”

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

47
Q

Largest human tapeworm (up to 10m long)

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

48
Q

Adult tapeworm in small intestine is acquired by eating undercooked freshwater fish that contain the pleurocercoid larvae

A

D. latum

49
Q

Has two intermediate hosts, copepod and fish

A

D. latum

50
Q

Scolex has bothria and no hooks

A

D. latum

51
Q

Proglottids have a central uterine “rosette”

A

D. latum

52
Q

Eggs operculated

A

D. latum

53
Q

Symptoms: often none unless proglottids migrate to the gall bladder or bile ducts. Can cause vitamin B12 deficiency.

A

D. latum

54
Q

Distribution is countries and cultures that eat undercooked fish

A

D. latum

55
Q

Human ____ (hydatidosis, or hydatid disease) is caused by larval stages of cestodes (tapeworms) of genus Echinococcus

A

Echinococcosis

56
Q

Echinococcus granulosus causes ____ echinococcosis, the form most frequently encountered

A

Cystic

57
Q

E. multilocularis causes ___ echinococcosis

A

Alveolar

58
Q

E. vogeli causes ____ echinococcosis

A

Polysystic

59
Q

____ is an extremely rare cause of human echinococcosis (3 cases)

A

E. oligarthrus

60
Q

Larval worm is acquired by eating parasite eggs from dogs or other canines.

A

Echinococcus

61
Q

Forms cysts primarily in liver and then in other organs, the type of cyst and location will determine treatment.

A

Echinococcus

62
Q

Symptoms: from mild to severe depending on location and incubation time 5-40 years.

A

Echinococcus

63
Q

Diagnosis is with imaging and clinical findings, confirm with EIA

Can be fatal if left untreated, careful surgery is usually involved. Cysts can spread or reoccur.

A

Eichonococcus

64
Q

Dwarf tapeworm” 2-4 cm long

A

Hymenolepis nana

65
Q

20 million or more infections worldwide, mostly children or institutionalized populations

A

H. nana

66
Q

Spread through ingestion of insect IH, eggs, or autoinfection with eggs.

Larvae can develop in human intestine as a “cysticercus”.

A

H. nana

67
Q

Mild abdominal discomfort unless heavily infected.

Eggs are diagnostic with polar filaments.
Treatment is single dose of praziquantel 25 mg/kg

A

H. nana

68
Q

20-60cm long

Scolex lacks hooklets

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

69
Q

Egg
Larger than H. nana
Bile stained
No polar filaments

A

H. diminuta

70
Q

Requires larval insects “mealworms” to reach infective cysticercoid stage
Proglottids overlap each other

A

H. diminuta

71
Q

___ ___ is most common cause of all cestode infections, and is encountered worldwide.

A

Hymenolepis Nana

72
Q

Known as “pumpkin seed” tapeworm due to shape of mature proglottid

25 eggs in packet

A

Dipylidium caninum

73
Q

Pets may exhibit behavior to relieve anal pruritis (such as scraping anal region across grass or carpeting).

A

Dipylidium caninum

74
Q

Mild gastrointestinal disturbances may occur.
The most striking feature in animals and children consists of the passage of proglottids.
These can be found in the perianal region, in the feces, on diapers, and occasionally on floor covering and furniture

A

Dipylidium caninum

75
Q

D. Caninum:

The proglottids are ___ when freshly passed and may be mistaken for maggots or fly larvae

A

Motile

76
Q

Adult tapeworm is acquired by accidentally eating an infected flea from a dog or cat.

More common in children.

A

Dipylidium caninum

77
Q

Tapeworm resides in small intestine.

Eggs or motile proglottids passed in stool (diagnostic)

A

Dipylidium caninum

78
Q

Symptoms are light or asymptomatic, but abdominal pain, diarrhea, and anal pruritis is possible.
Treatment is praziquantel 5-10 mg/kg

A

Dipylidium caninum

79
Q

The genus ____ occurs worldwide in distribution, although most human cases of sparganosis are recorded from southeast Asian countries.

A

Spirometra

80
Q

____ can produce painful inflammatory tissue reactions and nodules.

Tissue reaction in eye is very painful, and usually causes periorbital edema.

May cause development of corneal ulcers.

Ocular disease is often associated with use of frog or snake flesh as a poultice over a wound near the eye.

A

Sparganosis

81
Q

Sparganum is a larvae acquired through eating or drinking an infected copepod, undercooked meat, or tissue exposure (____).

A

Poultice

82
Q

Larvae may migrate through the subcutaneous tissue causing inflammation and pain especially periorbitally.

A

Spirometra sp.

sparganosis

83
Q

More common in Asian cultures that apply poultices as medicine, rare in U.S Spirometra species are found worldwide.

A

Spirometra sp.

sparganosis

84
Q

Symptoms include swelling and pain.

Surgical removal is the best treatment. High dose praziquantel 120-150 mg/kg has shown some effect.

A

Spirometra sp.

sparganosis

85
Q

Which of the following structures are characteristic of cestodes?

a. round
b. proglottids
c. eggs are the only d. diagnostic form
operculated eggs

A

b. proglottids

86
Q 
A 50 year old man returning from a two year stay in Latin America is complaining of migraines with fever and myalgia.  Exam looks fine except for elevated phosphokinase and mild eosinophilia.  Lab results are unremarkable with multiple negative O & P exams.  Cerebral MRI shows intraventricular cysts with perilesional focal edema.  With what is this person infected?

a. Hymenolepis nana
b. Echinococcus vogeli
c. Yersina pestis
d. Taenia solium
A

b. Echinococcus vogeli

87
Q

pleurocercoid = ?

A

Diphyllobothriasis latum

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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