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MicroBio - Parasitology > Cal - Cestodes > Flashcards

Cal - Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

A feature of cestodes that’s often very useful in identification?

A

The number/type of their attachment structure (hooks/suckers/teeth/plates)

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2
Q

Cestodes AKA?

A

tapeworms

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3
Q

Chain of proglottids?

A

Strobila

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4
Q

What’s the rostellum?

A

Pointed end of scolex that has points of attachment… can be useful in identification

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5
Q

Most cestode eggs are NONoperculated and contain a ____ embryo…

A

hexacanth

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6
Q

Most cestodes are nonoperculated with a hexacanth embryo… What’s the exception?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (unembryonated and operculated)

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7
Q

Infective stages of taenia?

A

As oncospheres developing into cysticerci in muscle

refer to CDC life cycle graphic

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8
Q

What’s the cattle-associated taenia? What about the pig-associated taenia?

A

T. saginata = cow

T. solium = pig

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9
Q

Diagnostic stage of taenia?

A

Eggs/gravid proglottids in FECES and shed into the environment

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10
Q

Taenia can infect by?

And how does taenia reside in the human body?

A

Humans ingest undercooked meat.

Taenia scolex attaches to intestine (adults in the small intestine)

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11
Q

Taenia adults produce proglottids which eventually detach from tapeworms and exit as?

A

Exit in the stool as eggs within gravid proglottids

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12
Q

Both taenia are worldwide… Saginata persists in US due to?

A

Consumption of rare steak

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13
Q

Solium is more prevalent in poor communities where humans live close to?

A

pigs

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14
Q

Taenia asiatica found?

A

ASIA!

Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand

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15
Q

Saginata taeniasis SSx

A

Mild abdominal ssx

Striking feature = active/passive passive of proglottids

Occasionally -> appendicitis/cholangitis from migration proglottids

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16
Q

Solium taeniasis SSx…

A

Less frequently symptomatic than saginata

Mainly the passive of progottids

However…?

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17
Q

Most important feature of solium taeniasis?

A

RISK FOR DEVELOPING CYSTICERCOSIS

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18
Q

Egg and proglottid identification is diagnostic for taenia spp but not possible during first 3 months (i.e., prior to adult stage). Furthermore EGGS of taenia are indistinguishable from Echinococcus… So?

A

Microscopic ID of gravid proglottids

(or if possible, scolex)

Be careful when processing specimens… CYSTICERCOSIS…

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19
Q

Sup with taenia saginata’s scolex?

A

FOUR cup-muscular shaped suckers

NO HOOKLETS

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20
Q

You can distinguish saginata from solium by counting uterine branches in proglottid… how many in each?

A

Solium: 7-13

Saginata: 15-30

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21
Q

Infection of humans/pigs with larval stages of T. solium called?

A

Cysticercosis

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22
Q

Taenia solium can/cannot cause autoinfection?

A

CAN

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23
Q

T. solium can occur in environments AWAY from pigs as humans can shed the eggs the eggs in their feces…

A

bummer

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24
Q

Greatest clinical concern for T. Solium?

A

Cerebral cysticercosis (neurocysticercosis) = seizures, mental disturbances, focal neurologic deficits from space-occupying intracerebral lesions (potential for sudden death)

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25
Q

Extracerebral cysticercosis can cause?

A

Ocular, cardiac, or spinal lesions

Asymptomatic subQ/calcified IM nodules also possible

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26
Q

Cystericercosis must be demonstrated in tissue. So if eggs/proglottids are ONLY in feces, what we got?

A

Likely only taeniasis

However, due to autoinfection, serological evaluation is recommended to evaluate for cystircercosis

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27
Q

Solium scolex?

A

Four suckers

HOOKLETS (does saginata have hooklets?)

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28
Q

Fish or broad tapeworm?

Largest human tapeworm?

A

Diphyllobothrium

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29
Q

Diphyllobothrium intermediate hosts?

A

crustaceans and FRESHwater fish

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30
Q

Diphyllobothrium larval form?

A

coracidium

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31
Q

Infective stage of Diphyllobothrium?

A

as the pleroceroid larva (in freshwater fish)

32
Q

Diagnostic stage of Diphyllobothrium?

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces

33
Q

What’s unique about Diphyllobothrium?

A

Scolex with two leaf-shaped suckers

Bothria, or lance-shaped

34
Q

Diphyllobothrium found where?

A

Northern Hemisphere (Europe, North America, Asia) and South America

CEVICHE…

(however infected fish can be transported/consumed elsewhere)

35
Q

SSx are rare (unless proglottids migrate). However, Diphyllobothriasis can lead to a major deficiency of?

A

B12…

PERNICIOUS Anemia

36
Q

Diphyllobothrium… Specific diagnosis of EGGS in the stool. Describe Diphyllobothrium egg…

A

Numerous eggs that are OPERCULATED with a KNOB SHELL on the other end

37
Q

Diphyllobothrium proglottids are?

A

uterine structure resembling a ROSETTE

38
Q

Human echinococcosis AKA?

A

hydatidosis/hydatid disease

39
Q

Most frequently encountered form of echinococcosis?

A

Echinococcus granulosus, causing cystic echinococcosis

40
Q

echinococcosis granulosis found where?

A

worldwide, wherever there are grazing dogs

41
Q

echinococcosis multilocularis found?

A

Northern hemisphere

42
Q

echinococcosis vogeli/oligarthrus found?

A

CentAm/SouthAm

43
Q

echinococcosis infective stage?

A

Embryonated egg shed in feces

44
Q

echinococcosis diagnostic stage?

A

Hydatid cyst in liver/lungs/etc.

45
Q

echinococcosis physical characteristics?

A

Scolex with four suckers

TWO rows of hooklets

46
Q

Slow-growing, tumor-like space occupying structure resulting from echinococcosis larval form?

A

Hydatid cyst

47
Q

Structures on the wall of of hydatid cyst?

A

Brood capsules

tapeworms can develop protoscolices here

48
Q

When echinococcosis daughter cysts/brood capsules disintegrate/liberate protoscolices… what we got?

A

hydatid sand

49
Q

echinococcosis granulosis can be silent for years… upon cyst enlargement, affected organ will produce corresponding symptoms

A

And just like that, BAM! Organ problems

can affect liver, lungs, brane, boan, hart

50
Q

echinococcosis multilocularis mainly affects?

A

the liver, slowly

51
Q

echinococcosis vogeli mainly affects?

A

Liver, slowly

52
Q

echinococcosis diagnosis

A

RADIOLOGIC EXAMINATION (hydatid presence)

with help from clinical/serologic findings

53
Q

Dwarf tapeworm?

A

Hymenolopsis nana

54
Q

Hymenolopsis nana egg?

A

SIX hooked embryo (hexacanth)

Polar filaments

55
Q

Hymenolopsis nana Scolex…

A

FOUR suckers

Crown of hooklets

56
Q

Hymenolopsis nana infectious stage?

A

Embryonated egg ingested from contaminated food/water/hands/feces

CAN ALSO AUTOINFECT (from feces or by remaining in intestine)

AUTOINFECTION

57
Q

Hymenolopsis nana diagnostic stage?

A

Embryonated egg in feces

58
Q

Hymenolopsis nana larvae can develop in human intestine as….

A

cystercercus

59
Q

Hymenolopsis dimunita infectious stage?

A

Cystercerci in body cavity of insect that gets INGESTED

60
Q

diagnostic stage of Hymenolopsis dimunita?

A

Egg passed in feces

61
Q

Hymenolopsis dimunita scolex?

A

NO HOOKS

62
Q

Hymenolopsis dimunita egg?

A

Larger than H. nana

Bile stained

NO polar filaments

63
Q

Hymenolopsis dimunita requires what to reach infective cystercercoid stage?

A

larval insects/mealworms

64
Q

Most common of all cestode infections?

A

Hymenolopsis nana

(worldwide)

Hymenolopsis dimunita is worldwide, though less frequent

65
Q

Hymenolopsis dimunita and nana are often asymptomatic but H. nana can cause?

A

weakness, HA, ab pain, diarrhea

66
Q

Pumpkin seed tapeworm?

A

Diplydium caninum

67
Q

Diplydium caninum infective stage

A

Adult flea harboring the infective CYSTICERCOID

68
Q

Diplydium caninum diagnostic stage?

A

When the proglottids release their egg packets

69
Q

Diplydium caninum found?

A

Worldwide

70
Q

Diplydium caninum, clinically?

A

Proglottids are MOBILE (can be mistaken for other larvae – maggots)

Mild GI, but most striking feature is passage of proglottids

71
Q

Diplydium caninum accidental (or purposeful, I assume?) ingestion of what?

A

Flea

72
Q

Spirometra sp infective strage?

A

PLEROCERCOID larve

Fish/reptile/amphibian (second intermediate host) ingests infected crustacean

73
Q

Spirometra diagnostic stage?

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces

74
Q

Spirometra infection?

A

Sparganosis

75
Q

Spirometra found?

A

Worldwide, but predominantly in SE Asia

76
Q

Sparganosis resulting in ocular disease/periorbital edema is often assocaited with?

A

Poultice use from frog/snake flesh

Interesting technque…

77
Q

Sparganosis/spirometra diagnosis?

A

Recovery of sparganum from tissue

MicroBio - Parasitology (14 decks)

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