Biochemistry Basic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common reactions in biomolecules?

A

phosphorylation, de-phosphorylation, acylation, carboxylation, esterification

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2
Q

What are the oxidation states of carbon?

A

alkane –> alcohol –> aldehyde –> carboxylic acid –> carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What are common groups found in biological molecules?

A

methyl, methylene, amino, amide, carboxyl, esters, carbonyl, aldehydes, phosphates

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4
Q

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

energy is neither created nor destroyed; when energy is converted from one form to another, the total energy before and after the conversion is the same.

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5
Q

what is the second law thermodynamics?

A

when energy is converted from one form to another, some of that energy becomes unavailable to do work i.e. no energy transformation is 100% efficient

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6
Q

what is enthalpy?

A

heat content

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7
Q

What is entropy?

A

randomness and disorder; unless energy is applied to a system it will tend towards disorder

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8
Q

what are exergonic reactions?

A

total free energy of the products is less than the total free energy of the reactants and thus ∆G is negative

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9
Q

What are endergonic reactions?

A

when the free energy of the products is more than the free energy of the reactants thus ∆G is positive

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10
Q

what is ∆G is related to?

A

related to the point of equilibrium; the further towards completion, the more free energy is released.

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