Lecture 12: Motor Tracts (Keim) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs for upper motor neuron damage?

A
  • Upper
    • Hyperreflexia
    • Babinski
    • Loss of strength and dexterity
    • Spasticity
    • Rigidity
    • Pronator Drift
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2
Q

What are the signs for lower motor neuron damage?

A
  • Lower
    • Flaccid paralysis
    • Muscle wasting
    • Hyporeflexia / areflexia
    • Denervation hypersensitivity or fasciculations
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3
Q

What is the orientation of proximal / distal and flexors vs extensor fibers in the anterior horn?

A

The proximal motor neurons (trunk) are more medial, and distal motor neurons are more lateral.

Also flexors are more posterior, and extensors are more anterior.

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4
Q

What are the two lateral indirect upper motor neuron pathways?

A

Rubrospinal tract

Lateral reticulospinal tract

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5
Q

What is the function of the medial vestibulospinal tract?

A

The medial vestibulospinal tract is found in the mid and lower vestibular nuclei in the medulla, and innervates ipsilateral neck and shoulder muscles.

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6
Q

What is the function of the lateral vestibulospinal tract?

A

The lateral vestibulospinal tract can be found in the upper vestibular nuclei in the pons, and innervates the ipsilateral muscles of posture and the limb extensors.

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7
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Turns one’s head toward sound and pointing the head where the eyes are pointed.

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8
Q

What is the function of the lateral reticulospinal tract?

A

The reticulospinal tract facilitates flexor motor neurons and modulates extesor mechanisms ipsilaterally.

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9
Q

What is the function of the rubrospinal tract?

A

The rubrospinal tract innervates the upper limb flexors contralaterally.

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10
Q

Where do the fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract arise from?

A

Primary motor cortex

Supplementary motor area

Premotor cortex

ALSO

Primary somatosensory cortex

Parietal association cortex

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11
Q

What is the path of the fibers of the lateral corticospinal tract pathway from cortex to spinal cord?

A

Cortex

Posterior limb of internal capsule

Midbrain in the middle 1/3 of the cerebral peduncles.

Pons

Pyramids in the medulla

Decussation of pyramids

Lateral column of the spinal cord

Synapse with LMN in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

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12
Q

What is the somatotopic organization of the fibers from the lateral corticospinal tract as they pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Same as the anterolateral system

The lower fibers are more lateral (posterolateral to be precise)

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13
Q

What arteries supply the internal capsule?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries off the middle cerebral A.

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14
Q

What artery supplies the corticospinal tract in the midbrain?

In the pons?

In the medulla?

A

Corticospinal tract arteries:

Midbrain – posterior spinal A.

Pons – paramedian branches of basilar A.

Medulla – sulcal branches of anterior spinal A.

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15
Q

What motor nuclei are present in the pons?

A

VII and V motor

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16
Q

What motor nuclei are present in the midbrain?

A

V an VII

17
Q

What motor nuclei are present in the medulla?

A

IX, X (nucleus ambiguus)

XII