Lecture 55+56 - STDs and UTIs Flashcards
N. gonorrhea is a Gram ____ diplococcus that causes ____ inflammatory disease (PID), and can disseminate to cause Meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis, and other issues. Remember that N. gonorrhea cannot ferment _____, which N. meningitidis can. Also remember that Neisseria sp. have phase changes and antigenic variation with respect to their pilli. What do these mean?
Gram -
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Maltose
Phase change –> on/off switch to produce or not produce Pilli.
Variation –> different pilli structure, so not recognized by Abs produced against previously produced pilli.
Treponema pallidum is a ______ (morphology) and is the causative agent for ______. In Primary infection, patients can present with _____ at the site of infection and regional lymphadenopathy.
Secondary stage presents with generalized lymphadenopathy, disseminated ____, _____ (hair loss), and condyloma lata (white lesions).
Tertiary stage can present with neurological symptoms including confusion, ______ disturbance, demetia, Tabes Dorsalis and Charcot joint.
Because it’s so small, it can penetrate into deep cell layers by moving through ______ junctions between cells.
Treatment is with _______ penicillin G, but can cause Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. What is that?
Spirochete
Syphilis
Chancre
Rash, Alopecia
Personality
Gap junctions
Benzathine Penicillin G
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is an immune response to the contents from lysed T. pallidum.
Chlamydia trachomitus is Gram ___ and is the MOST common cause of bacterial STDs. Remember that ALL Chlamydia have a two-phase life cycle. What are those two phases?
Patients can present with conjunctivitis, mucositis, and arthralgia. Treatment often involves a combination of _______ and ________.
Gram -
EB and RB, where EB is metabolically inactive/outside the target cell that is coated with adhesins required for entering target cells, and RB is metabolically active/inside the cell.
Azythromycin and Doxycyclin
Haemophilus ducrey is a Gram - chain of _____ (morphology) “railroad tracks.” It is ____ positive but _____ negative. It produces a toxin called _____ distending toxin that inhibits the host cell cycle. Patients will present with _____ and necrotic lesions. Keep in mind this infection does NOT disseminate, so no systemic disease. Treatment is Erythromycin and _______.
Bacilli
Oxidase +
Catalase -
Cytolethal Distending Toxin
Charcoid and necrotic lesions
Azythromycin
Mycoplasma genitalium does not have a ___ ___, so no gram stain, and it takes on the shape of a Tennis racket or flask. This bacteria is resistant to ______. Because this does not have a cell wall, which Antibiotics should not be used?
Cell wall
Rifampin
Beta-lactams should not be used
Gardenerella vaginalis is a Gram ____ coccobacillus that is a ______ anaerobe that ONLY infects women. It produces ______, a protein that forms pores in the host’s cells. Amine Whiff test involves adding 10%____ to the discharge –> it is positive if it produces a foul fish odor. This infection is treated with Metronizadole.
Gram +
Facultative anaerobe
Vaginolysin
10%KOH
Trichomonas vaginalis is not a bacteria; it is a _____. This is very similar to Gardenella vaginalis, and can be treated with the same antibiotic. What is the main difference between the two infectious agents?
Parasite
Gardenella vaginalis is a Gram + bacteria, while Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite.
______ agar is used as a differentiating media to distinguish between different types of Gram - bacteria. It distinguishes between bacteria that can ferment lactose and those that cannot –> those that can form _____ colonies, while those that cannot form _____ colonies. _______ can ferment lactose and is the MOST common cause of UTIs. It shows > _____ cfu/mL, which is many more than Staph saprophyticus would show.
McConkey agar
Pink colonies
White colonies
UPEC
10^5
Keep in mind McConkey agar is _______ for Gram + bacteria because crystal violet and bile salts kill them.
Selective
