Chapter 3 Flashcards
Formula to calculate Cardiac Output
Heart rate × stroke volume
Typical heart rate for adult
70-80 BPM
The 2 chambers of the heart.
Atria and Ventricle
Right atrium receives blood ________ and left atrium receives blood from ______.
coming from the body; (oxygen rich) blood coming from the lungs and heart.
The right ventricle has thinner walls because
it only needs to pump blood a short distance back to the heart and the lungs.
The left ventricle, on the other hand, has much thicker walls and is a much higher pressure pump because
it is required to push blood to the rest of the body.
The functions of blood:
- Protection: The white blood cells help to protect your body against diseases and blood clotting helps with fluid loss.
- Regulation: Blood helps keep a stable body temperature, electrolyte, and water level as well as pH.
- Transportation: The primary function of blood is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. It also takes away CO2 and various wastes from the cells and delivers hormones to specific tissues.
The muscles that comprise the respiratory pump are:
For inhalation: The Scalene muscles, the pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, and the diaphragm.
For exhalation: The internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles
The cycle of the respiratory pump (venous return): Inhalation
- The thoracic cavity expands new
- The pressure within the pleural cavities drop
- This pulls air to the lungs
- It also brings blood into the IVC and the right atrium from the smaller veins that exist in the abdominal cavity
The cycle of the respiratory pump (venous return): Exhalation
- The pressure in the pleural cavities rise
- This forces blood into the right atrium
- This is important especially for heavy exercises
That rhythm is controlled by the nervous system at the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is often referred to as the _______.
pacemaker of the heart
