Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

The study of energy in the human body.

Answer 1

Bioenergetics

Question 2

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Answer 3

Exercise metabolism

Question 4

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Answer 4

Substrates (Energy Metabolism)

Question 5

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Answer 5

Carbohydrates (Energy Metabolism)

Question 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein; it serves as the body’s main source of fuel.

Answer 6

Glucose (Energy Metabolism)

Question 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Answer 7

Glycogen (Energy Metabolism)

Question 8

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Answer 8

Fat (Energy Metabolism)

Question 9

This is a type of organic compound that is insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether. Fats are comprised of lipids and our greasy to the human touch.

Answer 9

Fat (Energy Metabolism)

Question 10

The chemical, or substrate, form in which most fats exist in food as well as in the body.

Answer 10

Triglycerides (Energy Metabolism)

Question 11

These are three fatty acids that connect to a glycerol. This makes up most of the fat storage in the human body.

Answer 11

Triglycerides (Energy Metabolism)

Question 12

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Answer 12

Protein (Energy Metabolism)

Question 13

Multiple linked amino acids (20+) in a linear sequence that form one or more polypeptide chain.

Answer 13

Protein (Energy Metabolism)

Question 14

The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids.

Answer 14

Gluconeogenesis (Energy Metabolism)

Question 15

When glucose is formed from a non-carbohydrate such as fats or protein.

Answer 15

Gluconeogenesis (Energy Metabolism)

Question 16

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Answer 16

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Energy for work)

Question 17

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed.

Answer 17

Adenosine diphosphate (Energy for work)

Question 18

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits, called free fatty acids (FFAs), to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Answer 18

β-oxidation (Energy for work)

Question 19

This is the first process that breaks down fatty acids. It includes the oxidation of beta carbons and removing to fragments of carbon from the fatty acid.

Answer 19

β-oxidation (Energy for work)

Question 20

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Answer 20

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) (Energy for work)

Question 21

Metabolism will elevate after higher intensity exercises. The reason that you see high-intensity interval training as a successful method for shedding fat. High-intensity work will increase EPOC.

Answer 21

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) (Energy for work)