Eukaryotic Cell Structure 2.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleus

A

Biggest organelle in the cell. Stores all the genetic information that is used to code proteins. Controls protein synthesis and metabolic reactions.

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2
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane that surrounds the DNA and protects it from the cytoplasm

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3
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Substances can leave and enter the nucleus

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4
Q

Nucleolus

A

Part of the nucleus that produces ribosomes from ribosomal RNA and proteins

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

Main site of final stages of respiration. Energy is stored in the bonds of the complex and can be released by ATP. The inner membrane is highly folded and called cristae, the liquid inside is called the matrix. Has a small amount of DNA called mtDNA. Can make its own enzymes and reproduce itself

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6
Q

Vesicles

A

They are like membranous sacs that are used to transport substances inside the cell. They also have a phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

Lysosomes

A

Specialised vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials in the cell. They play an important role in the immune system.

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8
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Network of fibres present all throughout the cell and helps with cell stability and shape. it also controls movement of organelles and the actual cell.

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9
Q

Microfilaments

A

These are fibres made of actin which are responsible for cell movement and cell contraction during cytokenesis.

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10
Q

Microtubules

A

Made of tubulin and are scaffold like structures that determine the shape of the cell. They are also tracks for the movement of organelles like vesicles. Spindle fibres which are use for cell division are made of microtubules.

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11
Q

Intermediate Fibres

A

Give strength and maintain integrity of cell

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12
Q

Centrioles

A

Made of microtubules and when 2 of them are put together they form a centrosome which is used to assemble the spindle fibres for cell division.

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13
Q

Flagella

A

Enable cells to move and are longer than cilia. They are good in sensory organelles

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14
Q

Cilia

A

You can have stationary cilia which is present on many cell surfaces. Mobile cilia beats and gets rid of any mucus in air pipe. It also can move egg from ovary to uterus. Has a 9+2 arrangement, 2 main central centrioles and then 9 pairs on the outside, these overlap to create the beating motion.

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15
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Used to produce lipids, carbohydrates and hormones and is made from flattened sacs called cisternae. Also used for storage

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16
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Used to synthesis and transport proteins. Has ribosomes bound to it.

17
Q

Ribosomes

A

Free floating in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER and are the site of protein synthesis, made of 2 subunits.

18
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Formed of cisternae similar to smooth ER and can modify and package proteins. These can then be released as secretory vesicles out of the cell or lysosomes which stay in the cell.