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DDS1-histology > craniofacial embryology > Flashcards

craniofacial embryology Flashcards

1
Q

cranial neural crest cells form

A
  • dentin
  • pulp
  • cementum
  • pdl
  • nerve supply
  • not enamel or blood supply!
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2
Q

neural plate invaginates to form what

A

neural tube

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3
Q

fusion of the neural folds forms what

A

neural crest cells (and epidermis)

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4
Q

steps to formation of neural crest cells

A

1) induction
2) delamination
3) migration
4) differentiation

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5
Q

defects in NC cells lead to

A

craniofacial birth defects

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6
Q

development of the oral cavity begins when

A

3 weeks

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7
Q

contact between oral ECTOderm and foregut ENDOderm

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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8
Q

when does the oropharyngeal membrane distintegrate

A

4th week

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9
Q

when does the branchial arches begin to form

A

late 3rd week

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10
Q

1st branchial arch

A

maxillary process and mandibular arch

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11
Q

1st branchial groove

A

EAM (ear canal)

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12
Q

ectoderm of 1st groove

A

tympanic membrane

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13
Q

2nd groove

A

palatine tonsil

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14
Q

3rd groove

A

parathyroid gland

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15
Q

folding of branchial arch forms

A

cervical sinus

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16
Q

primary palate forms from what

A

2 medial nasal processes and frontonasal process

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17
Q

function of primary palate

A

separates developing oral and nasal cavities

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18
Q

what forms the secondary palate

A

3 palatal processes (which come from maxillary processes)

=> 2 lateral fuse with 1 medial

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19
Q

improper fusion of the palates results in

A

cleft palate

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20
Q

improper fusion of the neural tube (not fully enclosed)

A

spina infibida

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21
Q

cncc are considered ____ structures

A

transient embryonic structures

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22
Q

cncc come from __ edges of the neural tube and migrate ___

A

lateral, centrally

23
Q

epithelial-mesenchymal transition

A

epithelial become mesenchymal cells

24
Q

2nd brachial arch

A

hyoid arch and neck

25
Q

found in the frontonasal area and invaginates to make “nasa pit”

A

nasal/olfactory placode

26
Q

fusion of the 2 medial nasal processes and the frontonasal process

A

intermaxillary segment

27
Q

what gives rise to the primary palate

A

intermaxillary segment

28
Q

improperly fusion of the medial and lateral nasal processes and maxillary process

A

cleft lip

29
Q

improper fusion of the medial and lateral palatine processes

A

cleft palate

30
Q

formation of the tongue

A

brachial arch 1 (oral) and 3 (pharyngeal)

31
Q

epiglottis and adjacent regions

A

brachial arch 4

32
Q

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

oral part

33
Q

posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

pharyngeal part

34
Q

anterior to the terminal sulcus (junction bw oral and pharyngeal parts)

A

circumvallate papillae

35
Q

bone forming on top of a template

A

endochondral ossification

36
Q

bone arrives DE NOVO (new) by

A

intramembranous ossification

37
Q

membranous ossification

A

mesenchyme => osteoblasts

38
Q

bones of the cranial vault (skull) are formed by

A

intramembranous ossification

39
Q

bones of the endocranium (base of the skull) are formed by

A

endochondral ossification

40
Q

body of mandible is formed by

A

intramembranous ossification

41
Q

ramus and condyle of mandible is formed by

A

endochondral ossification

42
Q

1st sign of mandible

A

meckel’s cartilage

*mandible does NOT arise from meckels

43
Q

where does meckels cartilage come from

A

1st branchial arch

44
Q

cleft palate is ___ common than cleft lip +/- palate

A

less common

45
Q

defect in upper wall of oral cavity

A

orofacial cleft

46
Q

cleft l/p is more common in which races

A

chinese, japanese, koreans

47
Q

majority of clp are

A

non-syndromic (only cleft affected and nothing else in the body)

48
Q

defect of TCOF1 gene

A

treacher collins syndrome

  • TCOF1 gene: encdoes nucleolar (treacle) protein
  • not enough neural crest cells! (apoptosis)
49
Q

birth defect where sutures are fused

A

craniosynostosis

50
Q

connecting medium between sutures (during synchondrosis)

A

hyaline cartilage

51
Q

palate formation comes from

A

medial and lateral palatal processes

52
Q

palate ossification comes from

A

1) premaxillary
2) maxillary
3) palatine

53
Q

ossification centers meet to form

A

secondary palate

54
Q

what contributes to the primary TMJ joint

A

meckels cartilage

DDS1-histology (15 decks)

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