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YEAR 3 > Physical Activity and Health > Flashcards

Physical Activity and Health Flashcards

1
Q

Current UK guidelines - infants

A

Not mobile - at least 30 minutes tummy time spread throughout the day

Toddlers- at least 180 mins per day in variety of physical activities, any intensity

Pre schoolers “ “. Should include t least 60 mins mod-big

Children - moderate to vigorous activity for at least 60mins a day

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2
Q

Current UK guidelines - adults (19-64)

A

Physically activity every day, muscle strengthening activities on at least 2 days a week, 150 mins moderate activity each week or 75 mins vigorous

65 years plus - aimed at improving/maintain muscle strength, balance and flexibility on at least 2 days

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3
Q

Key changes in guidelines

A

No minimum amount of PA required to achieve some health benefits

Benefits of HIIT acknowledges

Under 5s: 3 development stages

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4
Q

Define sedentary behaviour

A

Refers to any waking activity characterised by an energy expenditure less/equal to 1.5 METS and a sitting/reclining position

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5
Q

What activity is defined by 1 MET

A

Resting

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6
Q

Define muscular strength

A

Maximal force capability

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7
Q

Muscular endurance definition

A

Ability to continue muscular contraction over time

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8
Q

Define cardiorespiratory endurance

A

Ability to perform large muscle, whole body exercise at moderate to high intensities for extended periods of time

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9
Q

Define validity

A

Extent to which a measurement instrument assesses the true exposure of interest

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10
Q

What are cross sectional and what are the advantages and disadvantages

A

Data from a population at one specific point in time

Quick, easy

Can’t analyse behaviour over a period of time

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11
Q

What is a cohort study and what are the advantages and disadvantages

A

Type of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (group of people who share a characteristic) performing a cross section at interval through time

Can be retrospective or prospective

expensive, attrition, time consuming

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12
Q

What is an intervention study

A

Investiogator assigns he exposure

Subjects followed prospectively to compare

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13
Q

What are randomised control studies

A

Participants randomly assigned to one of 2 groups - experimental or controls

Groups followed prospectively to assess effectiveness of intervention compared to standard/placebo treatments

Eliminates bais

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14
Q

How can you assess muscular strength

A

Dynamometers (grip)

Tensiometers - adjust to test multiple joint angles

Repetition maximum

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15
Q

How can you test endurance

A

Field tests

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16
Q

How can you test flexibility

A

Goniometers- fulcrum positioned at the axis of rotation of a joint, arms of goniometer aligned with long axis of bones of adjacent segments

17
Q

Describe the skin fold method

A

Assumption: adipose compresses in a predictable manner, skin thickness is constant, a compressed double layer of skin and subcutaneous adipose is representation of a single later adipose, individuals fat distribution is the same

8 skin fold sights

Tester pinches the skin, callipers applied 1cm below at right angles

18
Q

What is the bioelectrical impedance method of body composition

A

Lean tissue has more ater- less resistance

Fat tissue has less water- more resistance

Volume of these tissues can be estimated from the resistance to an applied electric current flowing through the body

19
Q

Dual energy x ray absorptiometry

A

Quantifies regions of fat masses, lean body mass, bone mass

Generates low dose x rays at 2 energies

The differential attenuation of the 2 energies used to estimate the bone mineral content and the soft tissue composition

Assess mineral content of deep bone structures

20
Q

What is an accelerometer

A

Electromechanical devise used to measure acceleration forces

Measures intensity

21
Q

What is a pedometer

A

Step count

Doesn’t rely on self report

Some speeds of movement may not be enough to measure

Doesn’t tell you distance

22
Q

What are the self report method of physical activity

A

diaries
quesionnaires
interviews

23
Q

Describe the behavioural epidemiology framework

A

Establish links betters PA and heath - measure PA - Identify correlations - test interventions - translate into practise

24
Q

What is the IPAQ

A

International physical activity quesionnaire

gives examples of mod and vigorous activities

Possibility to include house house and work related PA

:( requires calculation, coding all activities is difficult

25
Q

What are logic models

A

inputs —> activities —-> outcomes

26
Q

Sedentary and physical activity

A

Sedentary and inactive (e.g office

Not sedentary and inactive (e.g retail)

Sedentary and active

Not sedentary and active (e.g athlete)

27
Q

What are the effects of sedentary behaviour

A

Metabolism, bone mineral content, muscular function

28
Q

what is the dual hinge intervention

A

e.g changing behaviour which also changes energy expenditure

E.g watching TV standing up

29
Q

How can you measure sedentary behaviour

A 
heart rate
tv time 
diary 
questionnaire
inclinometer
30
Q

What are the underlying psychological factors influencing pa

A

family norms, habits, enjoy other things, negative associations, lack of confidents, role models, safe environment

31
Q

the role of schools

A

develop physical activity habits by raising awareness of the importance of regular physical activity
creating more active environments so that pupils find it easier to move throughout the day

32
Q

multiple component interventions

A

interventions that are multiple component or adopt a whole of community approach appear to be more effective

likely to relate to curricular learning, culture, ethos and environment, engagement of the wider community and families

33
Q

daily mile

A

not timetabled - means teachers can chose when to do it.
no need to get changed
takes under 20 minutes
children able to focus better afterwards

34
Q

Girls active

A

a programme for schools developed by the youth sport trust
aims at tackling dealing participation in physical activity by adolescent girls
improvement engagement in PE (changing room improvements, music, kit)
profiling females as role models that celebrates and recognises the importance of being physically active
develop safe environment

35
Q

active travel interventions

A

cycle training
cycle tracks
storage for schools

36
Q

explain the ecological framework for understanding physical activity

A

individual - biological, demographic, socioeconomic, psychological factos

social - social support and cultural factors

environment- weather, access to parks and recreation facilities, level of crime

policy - existence of physical activity guidelines or plans, transport systems

the most successful public health programs have been based on an understanding go health behaviours an the contexts they occur in

the model helps identify opportunities to promote physical activity

YEAR 3 (13 decks)

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