Physical activity and Health Readings Flashcards
UK Chief Medical Officer’s Physical Activity Guidelines (2019)
Most recent guidelines - september 2019
new guidelines reinforce he importance of activities from old guidelines and highlight additional benefit of balance and flexibility exercises for older adults
highlights risk of inactivity
recognises emerging evidence for HIIT
allows greater flexibility for how and when young people can achieve the recommended levels across the week
recommends an average numbers of minutes of physical activity rather than a minimum daily threshold
CMOs Start active stay active
promote active lifestyle and increase pa to improve physical and mental health, reduce all cause mortality, improve life expectancy, save money buy easing the burden on health and social care services
physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality (accounts for 6% of deaths globally)
1950s study
comparison of bus drivers with more physically active bus conductors
demonstrated lower rates of coronary heart disease in the more physically active occupations
Judice et al (2017) - sedentary patterns
Data from 22,179 youths
10-17 year olds
sedentary time and physical activity objectively measured in a randomly selected subsample
sedentary time and physical activity assessed by participants
all participants asked to wear the accelerometer on right hip for 4 days
the FITNESSGRAM test battery was developed to assess physical activity among youth - assessment of health standards for cardiorespiratory fitness, body weight, muskuloskeletal function
components of FITNESSGRAM- curls, push ups, sit and reach, endurance run
Girls were more sedentary than boys
breaks in sedentary time were positively associated with fitness composite scores
MVPA positively and consistently associated with fitness in boys and girls
suggest that guidelines for sedentary behaviour should break up sedentary time
Dollman et al - deciding which method to use
direct observations - suitable for small groups, particularly relevant if info on children physical activity in particular settings is required
accelerometers- objective inför on duration and intensity, complex to interpret, do not provide any information on physical activity type and context
surveys and questionnaires - subjective, often used with large samples, proxy report or self report, not recommended for children under 10 (not sufficiently developed to cognitively accurately recall their PA)
Owen et al (2010) - too much sitting
even when adults meet physical activity guidelines, sitting for prolonged periods can still comprise metabolic health
examined relationships of tv time with continuous metabolic risk in men and women who reported at least 150 mi a week of moderate to big physical activity
amongst these healthy adults, significantly detrimental does response associations of TV time were observed with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure
activie potato phenomenon
Biddle et al (2015) - intervention strategies aimed at groups and individuals
uni students often in transitional stage (lifestyle in their control)
experimental group was sent by post, materials that were designed to encourage participation in active living
baseline results showed that 46% of the student population were not achieving the current minimum physical activity targets
35% had not taken part in E during their final 2 years at school
significant positive association between taking part in PE at school and current activity – importance of school
Chesham et al (2018) - benefits of the daily mile
quasi experimental repeated measures study which involved 2 schools in Stirling
1 school involved the daily mile and one didn’t
significant improvements were seen i the intervention school relative to the control school
E.g relative increase off MVPA of 9.1 minutes
Relative decrease of 1.4mm in skin fold
Kleppang et al (2019)- depressive symptoms and PA
Self report cross sectional study
5531 adolescents aged 15 to 16
depressive symptoms derived from a scale from Hopkins Symptoms checklist
PA measured by directly asking them how often and what type of exercise
Students participating in PA less than 3 times a week had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to those participating more than 3 times a week
Cortis et al (2017) - psychological determinants
systematic literature review
adults 18-40
overall PA was positively associated with attitude, belief, intention, perceived quality
negative association were found for barriers to PA, lack of knowledge of PA benefits, fatigue, fear of going out alone, lack of support
Stephens et al (2013) - mobile phone interventions to increase PA
Mobile phone interventions to increase PA
Systematic review
Studies of smartphone applications and text messaging
Interventions between January 2005 and August 2010
Most frequent outcome measures was changes in weight (57%)
71% studies reported significant results in at least 1 outcomes (weight loss, PA, decreased BMI, decrease waist circumference)
Sherry et al (2016) - standing desks
systematic review sitting for prolonged periods may be detrimental 5-18 year olds studies which assessed impact of the intervention using a comparison group or pre-post deign positive results on energy expenditure lack of evidence mixed results feasible and not detrimental to learning
American College of Sports Medicine (2010)
health related physical fitness:
cardio respiratory, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility
Smith et al (2013) - the health benefits of muscular fitness for children and adolescents
physical fitness - important determinant of current and future health status
systematic review
strong positive association between muscular fitness and bone health and set esteem
findings support the guidelines that recommend youths regularly engage in muscle strengthening physical activities
Kelly et al (2016) - validity and reliability of measuring PA and SB
argued that PA and SB measurements needs a framework for considering the different aspects of measuring validity and reliability
Need to use a range of measurements well in order to understand PA and SB
