Lab 4

Question 1

Alternation of generations

Answer 1

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophtye; characteristic of plants and some algae.

Question 2

Antheridium (pl. antheridia)

Answer 2

In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Question 3

Archegonium (pl. archegonia)

Answer 3

In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Question 4

Determinate Growth

Answer 4

A type of growth characteristic of most animals and some plant organs in which growth stops after a certain size is reached.

Question 5

Diploid (Cell)

Answer 5

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.

Question 6

Egg

Answer 6

The female gamete.

Question 7

Embryo (Sac)

Answer 7

The female gameophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei.

Question 8

Fertilization

Answer 8

The union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote.

Question 9

Meristem

Answer 9

Plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth.

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

A process of nulcear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages; prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Chromosome numbers are conserved and allocated equally to daughter nuclei.

Question 11

Pheromone

Answer 11

In animals and fungi, a small molecule released into the environment that functions in communication between members of the same species. In animals, it acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behaviour.

Question 12

Sperm

Answer 12

The male gamete.

Question 13

Gametophyte

Answer 13

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.

Question 14

Haploid (Cell)

Answer 14

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).

Question 15

Hermaphrodite

Answer 15

An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs.

Question 16

Heterosporous (heterospory)

Answer 16

Referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores; microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes.

Question 17

Homosporous (homospory)

Answer 17

Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte.

Question 18

Indeterminate Growth

Answer 18

A type of growth characteristic of plants, in which the organism continues to grow as long as it lives.

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.

Question 20

Spore

Answer 20

In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis.

Question 21

Sporophyte

Answer 21

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form tha results from the union of gametes. The sporophyte produces haploid cells by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.

Question 22

Zygote

Answer 22

The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg.