Lab 5

Question 1

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Answer 1

A symbiotic fungus whose hyphae frow through the cell wall of plant roots and extend into the root cell (enclosed in tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane).

Question 2

Basidiocarp

Answer 2

Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycellium of a club fungus.

Question 3

Basidium (pl basidia)

Answer 3

A reproductive appendage that porduces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms.

Question 4

Basidiomycota

Answer 4

A fungal phylum, commonly referred to as club fungus, after the club-like shape of the basidium.

Question 5

Ascomycota

Answer 5

A fungal phylum, commonly called sac fungus, after the sac-like structure in which the spores develop.

Question 6

Conidium (pl conidia)

Answer 6

A haploid spore produced at the tip of a specialized hypha in ascomycetes during asexual reproduction.

Question 7

Condidiophores

Answer 7

Modified hyphae on the tips of which are found conidia.

Question 8

Crustose

Answer 8

Thallus forms a thin, flat crust that adheres by the margins to the substrate; the thallus cannot be removed from the substrate.

Question 9

Dikaryotic

Answer 9

Referring to a fungal mycellium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent.

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set of inherited each parent.

Question 11

Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Answer 11

A symbiotic fungus that forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of plant roots and also grow into extracellualr spaces of the root cortex.

Question 12

Foliose

Answer 12

Thallus is flast with leaf-like lobes, attached to the substrate with rhizines, or circular and attached by a single cord; thallus has an upper and a lower surface.

Question 13

Fruticose

Answer 13

Thallus is attached to the substrate at the base only and grow vertically upward or downward; some are shrub-like, others are strand-like or hair-like in growth.

Question 14

Thallus (pl thalli)

Answer 14

A vegetative plant body, lacking differentiation; the lichen body consisting of both fungus and algae.

Question 15

Haploid

Answer 15

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).

Question 16

Hypha (pl hyphae)

Answer 16

One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycellium of a fungus.

Question 17

Karyogamy

Answer 17

In fungi, the fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by the two parents; occurs as one stage of sexual reproduction, preceeded by plasomogamy.

Question 18

Lichen

Answer 18

The mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium.

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication. It results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell.

Question 20

Mycelium (pl. mycelia)

Answer 20

The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus.

Question 21

Mycorrhiza (pl mycorrhizae)

Answer 21

A mutualistic association of plant roots and fungus.

Question 22

Plasmogamy

Answer 22

In fungi, the fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stge of sexual reproduction, followed later by karyogamy.

Question 23

Saprophytic (saprobe, saprophyte, saprotroph)

Answer 23

Fungi that get their nutrition from dead plant material and other non-living organic materials.

Question 24

Spore

Answer 24

In fungi, a haploid cell, produced either sexually or asexually, that produces a mycellium afer germination.

Question 25

Symbiotic (symbiosis)

Answer 25

An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct and intimate contact.

Question 26

Yeast

Answer 26

Single-celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell. Some species exhibit cell fusion between differnt mating types.