Lec #19: Racial democracy and practices of Micgenation in brazil

Question 1

what is mixed race?

Answer 1

you biological identity from 2 different races

Question 2

Which country took in the largest amount of slaves during the slave trade?

Answer 2

Brazil received 11 times more slaves than the USA as they need them to run plantations

Question 3

what is miscegenation?

Answer 3

the interbreeding or intermarriage of people who are considered to be different racial types or across so called racial lines

Question 4

why is the term miscegenation considered a myth?

Answer 4

• it implies that humans come in different biological categories
• marriage or sex b/w members of 2 groups is crossing some kind of distinct and taboo barrier
• it appears that status, money, and skin colour all determine interethnic racial marriage practice
• skin colour has significant impact in terms of making marriage decisions

Question 5

what were the 2 dominant ideological perspectives in brazil w/ respect to racial/ethnic inequality?

Answer 5

• there are 2 major perspectives, which are directly associated w/ nazi ideology that consider brazilian people inferior b/c of their mixed heritage of european, african, and amerindian ancestry:
  1. in order for the country to SURVIVE and PROSPER, it needed to be whitened and white people/ europeans needed to dominate all others
  2. the idea that so-called mixed blood created lazy, weak, lascivious individuals who were incapable of building a viable modern nation

Question 6

What is White racial frame?

Answer 6

• organized set of racial ideas, narratives, and stereotypes that provide an interpretative scheme to evaluate everyday events
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Question 7

explain the colour lines in brazil based on the ethnic and racial discrimination

Answer 7

• blacks are almost totally absent from positions of power
• blacks and mixed race brazilians still have higher infant mortality rates, fewer years of schooling, higher rates of unemployment, earn less for the same work
• black men are more likely to be shot or arrested and will get longer sentences
• those who have darker skin are devalued compared to those who have lighter skin

Question 8

What is affirmative action policy in brazil?

Answer 8

• a form of justice that seeks to establish equality by using compensatory benefits to rectify past discrimination
• the affirmative action policy includes:
• incorporating the idea of diversity into its national identity and recognizing brazil is a multiracial and multiethnic country
• adding racism to the constitution as a criminal offence
• facilitating both peace and justice by correcting previous wrongs
• creating quotas in education and public services for disadvantaged groups/ people of colour