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Head and Neck anatomy > WR2 - Session 3 > Flashcards

WR2 - Session 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Hello - identify the labels please

A
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2
Q

Identify the different parts of the larynx

Sorry theres lots of labels hehe xo

A
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3
Q

Which of the cartilages in the larynx is paired?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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4
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx forms a complete ring?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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5
Q

Identify the laryngeal membranes and the other stuff too

A
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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngeal cavity?

A

The Laryngeal cavity extends from the laryngeal inlet to the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Epiglottis

Corniculate cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Ary-epiglottic ligament (fold)

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the lumen of the larynx?

A

Vestibule - Upper part:

  • Between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (the false vocal cords)

Middle part of laryngeal cavity:

  • Lies between the vestibular folds and the (true) vocal cords
    • False vocal cords are superior to the true vocal cords

Lower part of the laryngeal cavity (Infraglottic cavity):

  • Extends from the vocal cords to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
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9
Q

What is the name given to the recess between the vestibular and vocal cords?

A

Laryngeal Ventricle (not vestibule)

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10
Q

You do not need to know all of the individual muscles of the larynx. However, their nervous innervation is important

What nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

All muscles of the larynx are supplied by the Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Except for the cricothyroid which is supplied by the Superior laryngeal nerve

Both of these are branches of the Vagus Nerve

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11
Q

What are the turning points of the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

The left RLN loops under the aortic arch

The left RLN loops under the right subclavian artery

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12
Q

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Movement of the vocal cords

Diameter of the laryngeal inlet

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13
Q

What are the different positions that the vocal cords can take?

A

Vocal cords are opened (abducted) in normal respiration:

  • If heavy/forced breathing then will be fully abducted

During Phonation (speaking/singing) - vocal cords are Adducted (closed)

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14
Q

What forms the roof of the nasopharynx?

A

Body of the sphenoid bone

Basilar part of the occipital bone

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15
Q

Identify the 3 areas of the pharynx

What are their boundaries?

A

Nasopharynx:

  • Base of skull (roof) to the Soft palate

Oropharynx:

  • Hard palate to Hyoid bone

Laryngopharynx:

  • Upper border of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid
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16
Q

What are the 3 layers of the pharynx?

A

1) Outer muscular layer

  • Outer circular layer - 3 ‘Constrictor’ muscles
  • Inner longitudinal layer - 3 muscles

2) Middle fibrous layer
* This merges with the deep fascia of the muscles and fills in the gaps between muscles
3) Inner mucous membrane

17
Q

Describe the structure of the muscular layer of the pharynx?

A

Outer circular muscles:

  • Consists of the 3 constrictor muscles:
    • Superior pharyngeal constrictor
    • Middle “ “
    • Inferior “ “
  • Act to Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing

Inner Longitudinal muscles:

  • Consists of 3 muscles:
    • Stylopharyngeus
    • Salpingopharyngeus
    • Palatopharyngeus
  • Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
18
Q

Describe the motor supply to the pharynx

A

Pretty much all motor & sensory Nerve supply to the pharynx derives from the pharyngeal plexus

Motor fibres in the plexus are derived from the Vagus nerve CN X via its pharyngeal branches

Motor innervation = ‘Pharyngeal branch of vagus CN X - except the stylopharyngeus which is supplied by the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

19
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the pharynx

A

Sensory fibres in the Pharyngeal plexus are derived from the Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX - these supply most of the mucosa & all 3 parts of the pharynx

Sensory nerve supply of the mucous membrane of the anterior & superior nasopharynx is mainly from the Maxillary nerve CN V2 - although im not sure if this is too specific

20
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

identify the labels innit

A

Pharyngeal lymphoid ring (aka Waldeyer’s ring)

A collection of lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance to the oropharynx

Made up of:

  • Pharyngeal tonsil (aka adenoids)
  • 2 Tubal tonsils
  • 2 Palatine tonsils (the ones we just call ‘tonsils’)
  • Group of Lingual tonsils (at the back of the tongue)
21
Q

Identify the stuff hehe

A

Head and Neck anatomy (6 decks)

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