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MUS 203 Unit 3 Exam > Jazz > Flashcards

Jazz Flashcards

1
Q

Jazz; New Orleans

A

Jazz begins here
Built in 1717; ceded to Spain but taken back by Napoleon; eventually sold to US
culturually diverse; only non-white major US city
free blacks lived here; 6k Caribbeans fled their revolt to here

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2
Q

Jazz; New Orleans; Political and Cultural History; Creole

A

Spanish/French

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3
Q

Jazz; New Orleans; Political and Cultural History; Creoles of Color

A

Middle layer (interacial relationships); orchestras, public figures, slave owners, etc.

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4
Q

Jazz; New Orleans; Political and Cultural History; Negro

A

Blacks (Congo Square; they make music and dance)

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5
Q

Jazz; New Orleans; Political and Cultural History; Black Codes

A

Shit like “One Drop” rule (Any black at all, you’re black (in Louisiana))

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6
Q

Jazz; EU and African Contributions to Jazz

A 
European
European instruments (saxes, brass, clarinet, bass, violin, etc.)
harmony (chords)
extended musical forms
notation
Africa
Expressive qualities
cyclical forms
Improv and call-and-response
Polyrhythms and syncopation
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7
Q

Jazz; New Orleans and Chicago Style; Collective Polyphonic Improv

A

All musicians ragging/improv

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8
Q

Jazz; New Orleans and Chicago Style; Instrumental Roles

A 
Trumpet (melody)
Clarinet (decorates melody)
Trombone (same as clarinet), but lower (tailgate trombone)
Tuba/bass (bass notes)
Banjo (chords)
Piano (if inside, chords, ragtime style)
Drums (marching pattern)
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9
Q

Jazz; New Orleans and Chicago Style; Buddy Bolden

A

First great jazz player (trumpet) but no recordings cause he was paranoid about people stealing his songs; went crazy
pop, ragtime, jazz, etc.
created early jazz ensemble (strings + brass bands)

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10
Q

Jazz; Great Migration

A

Blacks moved from South to West, North, East, including Chicago (partly cause of sharecropping bullshit, couldn’t pay off debts)

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11
Q

Jazz; King Oliver and his Creole Jazz Band

A

Made great recordings for their time (no drums, they couldn’t be recorded right)

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12
Q

Jazz; Louis Armstrong

A

King Oliver his mentor; first great jazz innovator

Shoveled coal at 7 and shot guns at 12

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13
Q

Jazz; Louis Armstrong; Hot 7 and Hot 5 Recordings

A

Redefined jazz music w/ solo improv and stop-time technique, etc.

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14
Q

Jazz; Louis Armstrong; As Jazz Innovator; trumpet Virtuoso

A

Don’t worry about it

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15
Q

Jazz; Louis Armstrong; As Jazz Innovator; Influence on jazz soloists

A

Made jazz a solo art

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16
Q

Jazz; Louis Armstrong; Pioneering Jazz Singer; Scat Singing

A

You know this; he invented it

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17
Q

Jazz; Louis Armstrong; Cultural Ambassador

A

He went to a lot of countries, all with the title of “musical ambassador” to play music

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18
Q

Jazz; Louis Armstrong; Cultural Ambassador; State Department Tours

A

Went on a 3-month trip throughout Africa playing music in over 27 cities; claimed to stop a civil war so soldiers could hear him play

19
Q

Jazz; Jazz Singers; Billie Holliday

A

Huge Jazz singer, big influence on soloists; created new way to manipulate phrasing and tempo (influenced by jazz instrumentalists)

20
Q

Jazz; Jazz Singers; Ella Fitzgerald

A

Virtusoso singer who grew up poor

21
Q

Jazz; Swing; Big Band

A

Was pop music back in 30s and 40s (You know this)
Szxes, trombones, trumpets, rhythm
Foru on the floor drum beat

22
Q

Jazz; Duke Ellington; Cotton Club

A

One of the premier music venues, all major black artists played here, black girls danced here, but blacks couldn’t COME IN; Duke was one of the original performers

23
Q

Jazz; Duke Ellington; Approach to Ensemble Sound

A

Valued individual sound

24
Q

Jazz; integrating Jazz; Benny Goodman

A

King of Swing

First to play with blacks

25
Q

Jazz; integrating Jazz; John Hammond

A

Talent Scout; helped convince Goodman to integrate Jazz and hire black musicians

26
Q

Jazz; Integrating Jazz; Teddy Wilson & Lionel Hampton

A

Teddy Wilson: Pianist
Lionel Hampton: Percussionist who played with Goodman
Both black

27
Q

Bebop; Revolution or Evolution?

A

Comes about due to WW2, music was played diff and not a lot of people heard it until after war
Reaction to “pop” big band music; no longer will be
small bands; more about improv and technical skill
FAST

28
Q

Bebop; Revolution or Evolution?; WW2

A

Rations on gas and petroleum (records made out of this) made it harder to tour and produce records)

29
Q

Bebop; Revolution or Evolution?; Recording Ban

A

ASCAP, BMI, etc. guys who collected royalites, banned all copyrighted music in last 75 years and all record making cuase dispute w/ record comps; for 4 years, no new music for radio

30
Q

Bebop; Minton’s Playhouse

A

Big in developing bebop style; musicians weren’t recorded, they experimented w/ jazz

31
Q

Bebop; Charlie Parker

A

“Bird”

Most famous jazz musician in the world at one point; legendary beboper

32
Q

Bebop; Dizzy Gillespie

A

ONe of the leaders of bebop along w/ Bird

33
Q

Miles Davis; Modal Jazz

A

No chords or scales (Bitches Brew)

34
Q

Miles Davis; John Coltrane

A

Very influential jazz saxophonist (you know him)

35
Q

Avant Garde; Free Jazz

A

No preset harmony, steady rhythm, repeating song forms; texture and timbre, collective improv

36
Q

Avant Garde; Ornette Coleman

A

Sax player, didn’t play in sync w/ other players

37
Q

Jazz Rock Fusion; Electric instruments

A

Guitar, Fender Rhodes, etc.

38
Q

Jazz Rock Fusion; Bitches Brew (Miles Davis)

A

You kinda know this

39
Q

Jazz Rock Fusion; Weather Report

A

You know them too; big jazz fusion band

40
Q

Neo-classicism

A

Reaction to fusion an avant-garde

41
Q

Neo-classicism; Wynton Marsalis

A

Child prodigy (19-music director for Art Blakey)

42
Q

Neo-classicism; Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra

A

Very prestigious jazz orchestra; Marsalis could decide who played and who didn’t (controversial)

43
Q

Neo-classicism; Repertory Movement

A

Jazz big bands playing orginial works, started in the 1970s

MUS 203 Unit 3 Exam (5 decks)

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