DSA: Karius Info

Question 1

What does the Limbic System Control?

Answer 1

• emotional behavior and motivational drive

Question 2

Hypothalamus Function

Answer 2

• emotional experience and physiological responses to emotion

Question 3

Olfactory Area (Para-olfactory) Function

Answer 3

• smell and emotion tied with it

- odors as strong emotional stimuli

Question 4

Thalamus Function

Answer 4

• Anterior Nucleus part of Papaz Circuit

- relay sensory information into system

Question 5

Basal Ganglia Function

Answer 5

• PLEASURE AND DISGUST
• Nucleus Accumbens/Putamen –> each has diff. role
• damaged to these areas (Huntington’s Disease) will abolish sense of Disgust

Question 6

Hippocampus Function

Answer 6

• another part of Papaz Circuit
• memory/emotion STRONGLY linked –> EMOTION to MEMORY CREATION
• parahippocampal region = SURPRISE (important in detecting novelty/unexpected events)

Question 7

Cingulate Cortex Function

Answer 7

• anterior = higher level of control and SADNESS

Question 8

What are the 7 hardwired emotions?

Answer 8

• fear, anger, pleasure, avoidance, sadness, disgust, surprise
• circuits allowing use to identify emotion are the same as the ones that allow us to display emotion*

Question 9

Innate vs Learned Fear and Amygdala

Answer 9

Innate = unconditioned; no prior experience
- jumping because of loud noise

Learned = conditioned; learned from experience

*amygdala important in EMOTIONAL CONDITIONING to fear (memory generation)

Question 10

What are the Direct and Indirect Pathways of Learned Fear?

Answer 10

Direct = Thalamo-amygdaloid (rapid response)

Indirect = Thalamo-cortical-amygdaloid (later response)

Question 11

Amygdala Damage and Fear

Answer 11

• if the amygdala is damaged, you cannot perceive fear

- conditioning does NOT occur

Question 12

Anger

Answer 12

• mediated through Amygdala

- needs Dopamine at D2 receptors

Question 13

Avoidance

Answer 13

• opposite of Pleasure/Reward Pathway
• prevents behavior w/SHORT TERM reward but LONG TERM consequences
• lateral posterior hypothalamus, dorsal midbrain, enteohinal cortex

Question 14

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus and Cortical Control of Emotion

Answer 14

• integration of inputs and regulation of affect (controls emotional display –> crying vs poker-face)
• monitors/detects conflicts between “functional state” and new info that has potential/motivational consequences

“What new info has the power to change the way I’m feeling?”

Question 15

3 Key Roles of Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 15

1. Reward Processing
   
   • w/amygdala = link to stimulus to primary reward
2. Bodily Signal Integration
   
   • “Gut Feeling” = decision when logical analysis is unable to help
3. Top-Down Regulation
   
   • Delayed Gratification