Translation Flashcards

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1
Q

Translation

A

RNA directed synthesis of polypeptides

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2
Q

Process requirements

A

ALL 3 RNAS
Ribosomes
amino acids

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3
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA- template used for correct addition of individual amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain

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4
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA - carry activated amino acids into the ribosome which is composed of
to the elongated polypeptide chain

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5
Q

rRNA

A

Ribosomal RNA- and ribosomal proteins. Ribosome ensures correct access of activated tRNAs and contains the necessary enzymes to catalyze petite bond formation

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6
Q

OH

A

everything happens on this chemical

on 3’ end

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7
Q

Phosphate group

A

located on 5’ end, nothing gets added to it

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8
Q

Ribosome

A

carries out protein synthesis by translating the mRNA

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9
Q

Structure of the ribosome

A

Made up of 2 parts

  • small subunits
  • large subunits
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10
Q

Ribosome large subunits

A

has A site, P site and E site

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11
Q

A site

A

in large subunit of ribosome

aminoacyl site - where an aminoacyl-tRNA with a soon to be added amino acid comes in

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12
Q

P site

A

in large subunit of ribosome

Peptidly site- tRNA with a growing peptide is here

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13
Q

E site

A

in large subunit of ribosome

Exit site- a tRNA leaves the ribosome here

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14
Q

Steps in translation

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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15
Q

Stop codons in termination

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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16
Q

Protein release factors

A

recognize these stop codons when they arrive at the A site

17
Q

Polysomes

A

Single mRNA molecule usually has many ribosomes travelling along it, in various stages of synthesizing polypeptide